硬脆材料超声加工装置及实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 00:21

本文选题：硬脆材料 + 超声加工　；参考：《浙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：硬脆材料作为众多具有优异性能的先进材料中的一种,具有高强度、高硬度、高耐磨、抗腐蚀、隔热及化学稳定性好等特点,但同时也给加工带来了更多的困难。超声加工是少数几种能够对绝大多数硬脆材料实施超精密加工的手段。本文针对硬脆材料的超声加工工艺问题,完成了夹心式压电换能器及一体式变幅杆的理论设计,制作了超声加工单元和工具,建立了超声加工实验系统,并以氧化锆陶瓷为例,研究了不同加工参数对工具磨损和加工质量的影响,并总结了变化规律。第一章首先介绍了应用于多领域关键场合的特殊零件对硬脆材料的现实需求,进而介绍了目前常用的几种硬脆材料加工方式,并分析了各加工方式的优劣性,指出采用固着磨粒的旋转超声加工几乎适用于任何硬脆材料。接着,从超声加工技术和系统两个方面介绍了国内外相关研究现状。最后,总结了当前研究中存在的薄弱环节,指明了论文的研究意义,并提出了论文的主要研究内容。第二章分析了旋转超声加工的基本原理和磨粒的运动轨迹,进而分析了其材料去除机制,对陶瓷材料旋转超声钻削进行了有限元仿真,定性得出了进给速度对加工结果的影响。第三章介绍了压电材料特性和变幅杆性能参数对超声加工单元的影响。在完成硬脆材料超声加工常用振动频率和幅度相关调研的基础上,确定了超声加工单元的主要性能参数,.设计了夹心式压电换能器和一体式变幅杆,制作了超声加工单元,并对超声加工单元的组成作了描述。第四章设计并制作了超声加工工具,建立了超声加工实验系统,介绍了超声加工实验系统的各个组成部分及其功能,详细描述了实验系统操作流程。并在实验系统的基础上建立了超声加工工具振幅测量系统。第五章研究了工具外露长度、谐振电流与振幅之间的关系,总结了变化规律。还研究了氧化锆陶瓷旋转超声钻削中金刚石粒度、振动幅度、主轴转速和进给速度对工具磨损和加工质量的影响,分析了内在原因,总结了变化规律。第六章总结了论文的主要研究工作,指出了研究中存在的不足,提出了对进一步研究的相关设想和展望。
[Abstract]:As one of many advanced materials with excellent properties, hard brittle materials have the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat insulation and chemical stability, but at the same time, it also brings more difficulties to processing. Ultrasonic machining is one of the few methods for ultra-precision machining of most hard and brittle materials. In this paper, the theoretical design of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer and the integral variable amplitude bar is completed, the ultrasonic machining unit and tools are made, the experimental system of ultrasonic machining is established, and the zirconia ceramics is taken as an example. The effects of different machining parameters on tool wear and machining quality were studied, and the variation rules were summarized. In the first chapter, the practical requirements of the special parts used in many fields are introduced, and then several common processing methods are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each processing method are analyzed. It is pointed out that rotary ultrasonic machining with fixed abrasive particles is suitable for almost any hard and brittle material. Then, the research status of ultrasonic machining technology and system at home and abroad is introduced. Finally, the weak links in the current research are summarized, the significance of the paper is pointed out, and the main research contents are put forward. In the second chapter, the basic principle of rotary ultrasonic machining and the movement track of abrasive particles are analyzed, and then the material removal mechanism is analyzed. The finite element simulation of rotary ultrasonic drilling of ceramic materials is carried out, and the influence of feed speed on machining results is obtained qualitatively. In chapter 3, the influence of piezoelectric material characteristics and amplitude change bar performance parameters on ultrasonic machining unit is introduced. Based on the investigation of vibration frequency and amplitude in ultrasonic machining of hard and brittle materials, the main performance parameters of ultrasonic machining unit are determined. A sandwich piezoelectric transducer and an integrated amplitude lever are designed. The ultrasonic machining unit is made and the composition of the ultrasonic machining unit is described. In chapter 4, the ultrasonic machining tools are designed and manufactured, and the ultrasonic machining experimental system is established. The components and functions of the ultrasonic machining experimental system are introduced, and the operation flow of the experimental system is described in detail. Based on the experimental system, the amplitude measurement system of ultrasonic machining tools is established. In chapter 5, the relationship among tool exposure length, resonant current and amplitude is studied, and the law of variation is summarized. The effects of diamond particle size, vibration amplitude, spindle speed and feed speed on tool wear and machining quality in Zirconia ceramic rotary ultrasonic drilling were also studied. The sixth chapter summarizes the main research work, points out the shortcomings of the research, and puts forward the related ideas and prospects for further research.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG663

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