数控机床双丝杠驱动进给系统设计与优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:53

  本文选题：双丝杠驱动 + 进给系统　； 参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：数控机床朝着高速高精高稳定性方向发展,对于大型移动部件,传统单丝杠驱动难以做到重心驱动,在高速进给时易发生振动,于是双丝杠驱动进给系统在近几年得到越来越多的应用。双丝杠驱动进给系统多了一套进给部件,使其设计和建模分析方面变得更加复杂。本文针对数控机床双丝杠驱动进给系统的设计与优化进行研究。在总结双丝杠驱动的优缺点和相对单丝杠驱动的设计区别的基础上,提出了双丝杠驱动进给系统的设计方法。构建了考虑多重冗余约束、主要零部件和主要误差源的双丝杠驱动进给系统位置误差模型和角度误差模型。考虑移动部件长度、主轴箱位置等因素,对丝杠、导轨跨距组合进行优化,得到了单项目标的最优跨距组合区间系数以及针对多目标的跨距最优组合。开发了数控机床双丝杠驱动进给系统设计与优化工具集。第一章综述了数控机床进给系统设计技术相关研究现状,针对双丝杠驱动进给系统分析了已有研究的优点和不足,阐明了本文的研究目的及意义,给出了本文的研究内容及组织架构。第二章阐述了双丝杠驱动原理,在总结双丝杠驱动的优缺点和相对单丝杠驱动的设计区别的基础上,提出了双丝杠驱动进给系统的设计技术。第三章从误差源中区分出间隙误差,提出了间隙误差空间的概念并研究了间隙误差空间的图解和数学表达,分析了间隙误差及多重冗余约束对机构误差的影响,即冗余约束可以减小间隙误差空间从而提高机构精度。构建了考虑多重冗余约束、主要零部件和主要误差源的双丝杠驱动进给系统位置误差模型及角度误差模型。第四章考虑移动部件长度、负载位置动态变化,对双丝杠驱动进给系统进行了大量丝杠导轨跨距组合算例分析,优化目标包括传递误差、静力学变形和固有频率,得到了单项目标的变化趋势、最优跨距组合区间和区间系数。在最优区间内,通过kriging方法和NSGA-Ⅱ算法求得多目标最优的丝杠导轨跨距组合。第五章阐述了数控机床双丝杠驱动进给系统设计与优化工具集的体系结构,介绍了该工具集的功能模块,并通过VTM200/F5车铣复合加工中心Z向进给系统设计对工具集进行了应用验证。第六章总结了全文的研究成果并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:NC machine tools are developing towards high speed, high precision and high stability. For large moving parts, the traditional single screw drive is difficult to drive the center of gravity, and is prone to vibration at high speed feed. So the double-screw drive feed system has been applied more and more in recent years. Double screw drive feed system has a set of feed parts, which makes its design and modeling analysis more complicated. In this paper, the design and optimization of double screw drive feed system for NC machine tools are studied. On the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of double lead screw drive and the design difference of single screw drive, the design method of double lead screw drive feed system is put forward. The position error model and angle error model of double screw drive feed system considering multiple redundancy constraints, main parts and main error sources are constructed. Considering such factors as the length of moving parts and the position of spindle box, the combination of lead screw and rail span is optimized, and the optimum interval coefficient of span combination and the optimal combination of span for multiple targets are obtained. The design and optimization tool set of double screw drive feed system for NC machine tools are developed. The first chapter summarizes the related research status of feed system design of NC machine tools, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing research, and expounds the purpose and significance of this paper. The research content and organization structure of this paper are given. In the second chapter, the principle of double lead screw drive is described. On the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of double lead screw drive and the design difference of single screw drive, the design technology of double lead screw drive feed system is put forward. In chapter 3, the gap error is distinguished from the error source, and the concept of gap error space is proposed, and the graphic and mathematical expression of clearance error space is studied. The influence of clearance error and multiple redundancy constraints on the mechanism error is analyzed. That is, redundant constraints can reduce the clearance error space and improve the accuracy of the mechanism. The position error model and angle error model of double screw drive feed system considering multiple redundancy constraints, main parts and main error sources are constructed. In chapter 4, considering the length of moving parts and the dynamic change of load position, a large number of examples are analyzed for the double screw drive feed system. The optimization targets include transmission error, static deformation and natural frequency. The variation trend of single target, optimal span combination interval and interval coefficient are obtained. In the optimal interval, the kriging method and NSGA- 鈪，

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