铝合金薄板轮廓激光切割工艺研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 05:19

本文选题：激光切割 + 2A12铝合金　；参考：《陕西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着激光技术的不断发展,激光加工逐渐成为了一种高新技术,通过不断改革和创新,现已变成工业中不可或缺的一部分,是先进技术的代表。目前,激光切割已发展成成熟的一项新技术,被广泛应用于汽车、机械制造和航天航空等制造领域,然而加工的基材大多是对激光反射较小的金属,如低碳钢、不锈钢等材料,对铝合金材料的研究不是很多。在实际切割过程中,会遇到形状不同的表面轮廓,自然也会引进部分影响因素。因此,如何选取恰当的参数对圆弧和缝阵进行切割是一个重要的课题。本课题首先介绍了的研究背景和意义以及国内外的研究现状,对激光的产生、特性、能量转换进行了描述,归纳出激光切割影响因素和质量评价标准。在试验方面,通过单因素和正交试验对激光切割圆弧进行研究,探究了圆弧半径、激光功率、切割速率和氮气压力四种因素对圆弧切割质量的影响程度;建立与之相对应BP人工神经网络,获得粗糙度和挂渣的方程表达式;再结合遗传算法对圆弧切割参数进行预测,得到激光切割圆弧的最佳工艺参数。然后,按照激光切割圆弧的步骤对缝阵进行分析,依次通过单因素试验、正交试验、BP人工神经网络和遗传算法,最终获得切缝差的非线性方程和最佳切割缝阵参数。在试验验证方面,用圆弧和缝阵的预测参数进行实际切割,发现其切割质量相比于原来有一定程度的提高,说明通过该方法预测的激光参数对实际切割是具有一定指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of laser technology, laser processing has gradually become a kind of high-tech, through continuous reform and innovation, has become an indispensable part of industry, is the representative of advanced technology. At present, laser cutting has been developed into a mature new technology, widely used in automobile, mechanical manufacturing, aerospace and other manufacturing fields. However, most of the substrates processed are metals with less laser reflection, such as low carbon steel, stainless steel and other materials. There is not much research on aluminum alloy materials. In the actual cutting process, different shapes of the surface will be encountered, and naturally some factors will be introduced. Therefore, how to select the appropriate parameters to cut the arc and slit matrix is an important subject. In this paper, the background and significance of the research and the current research situation at home and abroad are introduced. The generation, characteristics and energy conversion of laser are described, and the influencing factors and quality evaluation criteria of laser cutting are summarized. In the aspect of experiment, the influence of arc radius, laser power, cutting rate and nitrogen pressure on arc cutting quality is studied by single factor and orthogonal test. The corresponding BP artificial neural network was established to obtain the equation expressions of roughness and slagging, and the optimum technological parameters of laser arc cutting were obtained by combining genetic algorithm to predict the arc cutting parameters. Then, according to the procedure of laser cutting circular arc, the slit array is analyzed, and through single factor experiment, orthogonal test, BP artificial neural network and genetic algorithm, the nonlinear equation of tangent slit difference and the optimum cutting slot array parameters are obtained. In the aspect of experimental verification, it is found that the cutting quality is improved to a certain extent by using the prediction parameters of circular arc and slit array, which indicates that the laser parameters predicted by this method are of certain guiding significance to the actual cutting.
【学位授予单位】：陕西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG485

【参考文献】