电主轴综合性能实验系统的研制

发布时间：2018-05-31 06:27

本文选题：电主轴 + 综合性能　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电主轴作为数控机床的关键功能部件,其性能优劣直接影响数控机床的整机性能。为增强我国电主轴技术竞争力、提高市场占有率,提升国产电主轴综合性能水平已经迫在眉睫。随着电主轴各项性能的不断提高,对于电主轴性能检测方面的需求不断凸显,研究也不断深入。目前国内能够进行工况模拟加载的电主轴综合性能实验系统处于空白状态,因此,对可进行工况模拟加载的电主轴综合性能实验系统的研制具有重要的工程实际意义。本文以国产电主轴为研究对象,开展电主轴综合性能实验系统的研制工作。首先,通过对电主轴结构与工作原理进行分析,确立了各性能指标及对应的特征量;进而完成了电主轴综合性能实验台硬件系统的搭建,并开发了基于Lab VIEW的电主轴综合性能实验台软件系统;最后,结合两项实例详细介绍了该系统的应用。本文主要研究内容如下:1.电主轴及其性能指标分析。通过介绍电主轴的结构及工作原理,结合国家标准、行业标准,以及电主轴生产厂家及用户对电主轴性能检测的经验,给出电主轴性能检测的各项性能指标,其中包括:电主轴动态特性、静态特性、负载特性、回转误差、温度特性、噪声特性及振动特性,并对各项指标进行了特征量分析。2.电主轴综合性能实验台硬件系统的搭建。首先,结合各项性能指标,分析了实验系统应具备的功能,进一步的完成了综合性能实验台技术路线的设计,基于现有的电主轴可靠性实验台,完成了电主轴综合性能实验台的搭建,并介绍硬件系统的组成部分。本实验台可以进行工况模拟加载的电主轴综合性能检测,实验台包括:电主轴本体及附件、加载装置、性能检测模块、信号调理与分析模块四大部分。3.电主轴综合性能实验软件系统的编制。针对电主轴综合性能实验台硬件系统,完成了基于Lab VIEW的电主轴综合性能实验软件系统的编制。该系统可以实现性能参数采集,实时显示,实时信号处理、降噪,数据处理、存储等功能。其中信号处理方面可以实现对信号的时域分析、频域分析、短时傅里叶分析和小波分析等多种信号处理功能;在降噪方面可以实现对信号的阈值降噪、运动平均降噪和小波降噪等多种降噪功能;数据存储与分析方面,可实现对实时采集数据和历史数据的存储及分析。4.基于所设计电主轴综合性能实验系统,完成了对电主轴回转误差的检测及相关技术研究。首先,利用激光位移传感器对回转误差进行检测;然后,采用两点法进行误差分离,并采用谐波小波对所采集信号进行滤波降噪;最后,创新性的提出利用模拟退火算法拟合最小包络圆,保证回转误差评价的准确性,并完成了对回转误差的评价。5.基于所设计电主轴综合性能实验系统,完成了对电主轴不平衡的检测及相关技术研究。首先通过Hypermesh软件对170XDS30Y22型号电主轴进行模态分析,判断其刚、柔性,进一步推导出电主轴不平衡时的附加载荷,分析出不平衡产出的特征信号包括振动、轴心轨迹及回转误差,然后对该电主轴进行了振动实验、轴心轨迹及回转误差检测实验,通过对比实验结果研究了电主轴不平衡状态下的特征信号特点,并对振动信号分别进行EMD、EEMD分解,最终基于支持向量机对电主轴不平衡特征信号检测方案进行了优选,为电主轴不平衡故障的诊断和预警研究打下了基础。本文所开发的电主轴综合性能实验系统,可以在模拟实际工况加载的情况下,对电主轴的各项性能指标进行检测,具有重要的工程实际意义,它不但为电主轴综合性能实验的开展提供有力保障,同时可以基于该实验系统完成多项与性能检测相关的实验研究,为后续在电主轴性能检测、状态监测、状态识别、故障机理等方面的研究提供实验条件。
[Abstract]:As the key functional component of the CNC machine tool, the electric spindle has a direct effect on the performance of the CNC machine tool. It is imminent to enhance the technical competitiveness of the spindle of our country, improve the market share and improve the comprehensive performance level of the home-made spindle. With the continuous improvement of the various properties of the spindle, the performance of the spindle is tested. The demand for the surface of the motorized spindle is in a blank state. Therefore, the development of the experimental system for the integrated performance of the motorized spindle which can be simulated and loaded is of great practical significance. This paper takes the domestic spindle as the research object. First, through the analysis of the structure and working principle of the motorized spindle, the performance indexes and the corresponding characteristic quantities are established, and the hardware system of the electrical spindle comprehensive performance test platform is built, and the software system of the experimental platform of the integrated performance of the spindle based on Lab VIEW is developed. Finally, the application of the system is introduced in detail with two examples. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. electric spindle and its performance index analysis. By introducing the structure and working principle of the motorized spindle, combining the national standard, industry standard, and the experience of the spindle manufacturer and user on the performance testing of the spindle, the performance inspection of the electric spindle is given. Various performance indexes including the dynamic characteristics, static characteristics, load characteristics, rotary error, temperature characteristics, noise characteristics and vibration characteristics of the spindle, and the construction of the hardware system of the.2. electrical spindle comprehensive performance test bench. First, the experimental system should be analyzed with various performance indexes. The design of the technical route of the comprehensive performance test platform is completed further. Based on the existing reliability test platform of the electric spindle, the construction of the experimental platform for the integrated performance of the motorized spindle is completed and the components of the hardware system are introduced. The experimental platform can carry out the comprehensive performance detection of the motorized spindle with the simulated loading condition, and the experimental platform includes the power owner. The axis body and accessories, the loading device, the performance testing module, the signal conditioning and analysis module four most of the.3. electrical spindle comprehensive performance experiment software system. According to the hardware system of the electrical spindle comprehensive performance test platform, the software system for the integrated performance experiment of the spindle based on the Lab VIEW is completed. The system can realize the performance parameters. Acquisition, real-time display, real-time signal processing, noise reduction, data processing, storage and other functions. In the signal processing, the signal processing functions can be realized in time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, short time Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis. In the noise reduction, the threshold de-noising of the signal, motion averaging and wavelet denoising can be realized. The storage and analysis of data and history data can be stored and analyzed in data storage and analysis. Based on the integrated performance experiment system of the designed electric spindle,.4. has completed the detection of spindle gyration error and related technology research. First, the rotation error is detected by the excitation displacement sensor; then, The error separation is carried out by two points method, and the harmonic wavelet is used to filter and denoise the collected signals. Finally, the innovation is proposed to use the simulated annealing algorithm to fit the minimum envelope circle to ensure the accuracy of the gyration error evaluation. And the evaluation of the gyration error is completed based on the integrated performance experiment system of the designed electric spindle based on the design of the.5.. Research on the imbalance detection of electric spindle and related technology research. First, the modal analysis of 170XDS30Y22 model electric spindle is carried out through Hypermesh software to judge its stiffness and flexibility, and further deduce the additional load when the electric spindle is unbalance, and analyze the characteristic signals of the unbalanced output, including vibration, axis trajectory and rotation error, and then the electricity is applied to the electric spindle. The spindle has carried on the vibration experiment, the axis trajectory and the rotation error detection experiment. By comparing the experimental results, the characteristics of the characteristic signals under the unbalanced state of the motorized spindle are studied, and the vibration signals are EMD and EEMD decomposed respectively. Finally, the optimization of the unbalance characteristic signal detection scheme of the spindle is selected based on the support vector machine. The integrated performance experiment system developed in this paper can detect all the performance indexes of the spindle under the condition of loading the actual working conditions, and it has important practical significance. It not only provides a powerful guarantee for the development of the comprehensive performance experiment of the spindle. At the same time, a number of experimental studies related to performance detection can be completed based on the experimental system, and the experimental conditions are provided for subsequent research on the performance detection, state monitoring, state recognition, and failure mechanism of the spindle.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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