重型数控车床双齿轮齿条传动进给机构的设计与仿真分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 09:11

本文选题：重型数控车床 + 双齿轮齿条传动　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：数控车床的核心进给系统大部分采用伺服电动机带动滚珠丝杠副的传动方式,当车床行程超过6m以上时,随着滚珠丝杠长度的变长,滚珠丝杠的挠度也变大,造成弯曲变形使刀架移动定位精度超差;同时由于丝杠加长,机械部分转动惯量增加,既增加生产成本,又降低了机床的可靠性,为了解决以上问题,经过调查研究,采取各家所长,并结合国内外先进的设计理念,经过多次的论证实验,研究大、重型数控机床行程在6m以上时,机床的纵向进给传动采用双齿轮齿条传动的设计方法。本文首先对齿轮副侧隙对传动精度的影响做了分析,研究了含侧隙的齿轮动载荷冲击理论及含侧隙齿轮啮合的冲击力。并提出了各种消除齿轮传动中产生反向间隙的机构,由于齿轮传动存在齿隙,会造成传动回差,引起传动非线性和系统的自振荡等,传动时准确度不高,传动不平稳,严重的影响了数控车床的传动精度。为此,本文在分析了各种消隙机构的方法及特点之外,还提出了双齿轮输出传动的消隙方法。其次,此设计中研究了双齿轮齿条传动过程中产生间隙的消除机构,并对双齿轮消隙原理的设计方案做了比较,通过比较选择碟形弹簧自动进行调整使两输出轴齿轮同时齿条啮合来消除间隙,这种方法结构简单、控制方便、维护成本低。最后,本研究采用基于Solidworks的实体建模、装配与运动仿真的协同设计,通过Ansys软件对双齿轮消隙机构进行运动仿真分析,得出相关运动仿真分析曲线,分析双齿轮齿条传动机构的消隙效果。本文结合CK612520重型数控车床的设计,得到了实践方面的验证,证明了所研究的双齿轮齿条进给机构的合理性和可行性。
[Abstract]:The core feed system of CNC lathe mostly adopts the drive mode of servo motor driving ball screw pair. When the travel of lathe exceeds 6m, the deflection of ball screw becomes larger with the length of ball screw increasing. In order to solve the above problems, the accuracy of moving and positioning of the tool holder is too poor due to the bending deformation. At the same time, due to the lengthening of the lead screw and the increase of the mechanical part's moment of inertia, it not only increases the production cost but also reduces the reliability of the machine tool, in order to solve the above problems, By adopting various advantages and combining with advanced design concepts at home and abroad, the design method of double gear rack transmission is adopted for the longitudinal feed transmission of the machine tool when the stroke of the heavy and large numerical control machine is more than 6 m through many demonstration experiments. In this paper, the influence of gear pair clearance on transmission accuracy is analyzed, and the impact theory of gear dynamic load and the impact force of gear meshing with side gap are studied. The mechanism of eliminating the reverse gap in gear transmission is put forward. Because the gear drive has tooth gap, it will cause the transmission back difference, cause the transmission nonlinearity and the self-oscillation of the system, etc., the accuracy of transmission is not high and the transmission is not stable. The transmission accuracy of CNC lathe is seriously affected. Therefore, in addition to the analysis of the methods and characteristics of various clearance elimination mechanisms, this paper also puts forward the clearance elimination method of double gear output drive. Secondly, the mechanism of eliminating the gap in the process of double gear rack transmission is studied, and the design scheme of the principle of double gear eliminating gap is compared. By comparing and selecting the disc spring to adjust automatically, the gear with two output shafts is meshed simultaneously with rack to eliminate the clearance. This method has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and low maintenance cost. Finally, the research adopts the solid modeling based on Solidworks, the collaborative design of assembly and motion simulation, through the Ansys software to carry on the motion simulation analysis to the double gear to eliminate the clearance mechanism, obtains the correlation motion simulation analysis curve. The clearance elimination effect of double gear rack drive mechanism is analyzed. Combined with the design of CK612520 heavy duty CNC lathe, this paper has been verified in practice and proved the rationality and feasibility of the double gear rack feed mechanism studied in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG519.1

【参考文献】