重载锻造操作机大车行走精度控制的研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 21:32

本文选题：锻造操作机 + 大车行走　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：重载锻造操作机作为锻造工业中一个必不可少的设备,其作用不可替代。大型有轨锻造操作机的一个重要功能就是它的行走功能,操作机行走机构组成的合理性以及优劣程度会直接影响到操作机运动的精准性和稳定性。其行走机能的好坏对其工作效率和工件的加工质量都有着很大的影响。如何使大型联动快锻操作机的机械、液压部分质量小,运行机构起动、制动精确平稳,快速响应好,该研究对锻造操作机及重大装备制造业的发展有着重要的意义。论文依据现有锻造操作机的三维实体模型,研究了操作机在起动和制动两种工况下大车所受作用力以及动态数据变化。通过分析制动工况下操作机大车行走部的作用力以及相关数据的计算,提出分级降速制动的方案来解决大车行走精度偏大的问题。计算了从最高行驶速度开始制动到停车,所产生的位移以及时间;在保证精度的前提下,降低制动速度,计算出第一次降速的值,即制动初速度。对销齿齿轮强度进行校核计算,以确保销齿齿轮与销轴齿条的强度能够承受大车从最高速度制动时所产生惯性力。分析锻造操作机大车行走部蓄能器,结果表明蓄能器充气压力与工作压力的合理选取对液压系统的影响非常大,依据行走精度要求及相关液压元件的工作压力重新计算并选取合适型号的蓄能器。分析制动工况下管道内液压油所产生的液压冲击对操作机控制精度的影响,结果表明管道中液体的流速会直接影响液压系统内部工作压力的升高,为分级降速的制动方案提供了依据。分析操作机大车行走部的液压控制系统,利用AMESim对锻造操作机大车行走液压系统进行建模仿真分析,在快锻和常锻两种工况下,给定大车多组不同的进给位移信号,输出对应的操作机进给位移的动态特性曲线和速度的动态特性曲线。分析每组位移特性响应曲线的最大超调量、调整时间、峰值时间、上升时间等数据,得知大车行走精度与进给距离以及速度之间的关系。当进给距离增大时,致使大车行驶速度增大,惯量增大,导致进给位移动态特性曲线的最大超调量超过±10mm的范围。必须严格控制大车的进给位移,才可以保证行走精度达到预定要求,才可以实现操作机与主机的联动控制。同时,仿真结果的分析也再一次验证了分级降速制动方案的可行性以及合理性。
[Abstract]:As an indispensable equipment in forging industry, heavy-duty forging operator can not be replaced. One of the important functions of large rail forging operator is its walking function. The reasonableness and quality of the operating mechanism will directly affect the accuracy and stability of the movement of the manipulator. Its walking function has great influence on its working efficiency and workpiece processing quality. It is of great significance for the development of forging operators and major equipment manufacturing industry to study how to make the machinery of large-scale linkage rapid forging machine with small hydraulic mass, starting mechanism, accurate and stable braking, and good rapid response. According to the 3D solid model of the existing forging operator, this paper studies the force and dynamic data change of the vehicle under the two working conditions of starting and braking. Based on the analysis of the force acting on the moving part of the vehicle and the calculation of the relevant data under the braking condition, the scheme of graded deceleration braking is put forward to solve the problem of the larger precision of the vehicle. The displacement and time generated from braking to stopping at the maximum speed are calculated, and the braking speed is reduced on the premise of ensuring accuracy, and the first deceleration speed is calculated. The strength of pin-tooth gear is checked and calculated to ensure that the strength of pin-tooth gear and pin-shaft rack can withstand the inertial force produced by braking from the top speed of the cart. The analysis of the accumulator in the moving part of the forging manipulator shows that the reasonable selection of the charging pressure and the working pressure of the accumulator has a great influence on the hydraulic system. Recalculate and select the appropriate type accumulator according to the requirements of walking precision and the working pressure of the hydraulic components concerned. The influence of hydraulic impact of hydraulic oil in pipeline on the control accuracy of the manipulator under braking condition is analyzed. The results show that the velocity of liquid in the pipeline will directly affect the increase of working pressure in the hydraulic system. It provides the basis for the braking scheme of step-down speed reduction. This paper analyzes the hydraulic control system of the moving part of the large truck of the operator, and makes use of AMESim to model and simulate the hydraulic system of the forging operator. Under the two working conditions of fast forging and constant forging, several groups of different feed displacement signals are given. The dynamic characteristic curve of the feed displacement and the dynamic characteristic curve of the velocity are outputted. The maximum overshoot, adjustment time, peak time and rising time of each group of displacement characteristic response curves are analyzed, and the relationship between the moving precision and the feeding distance and speed of the cart is obtained. When the feed distance increases, the driving speed and inertia increase, which leads to the maximum overshoot of the dynamic characteristic curve of feed displacement exceeding the range of 卤10mm. It is necessary to strictly control the feed displacement of the cart in order to ensure that the precision of the vehicle can meet the predetermined requirements and to realize the linkage control between the operator and the main engine. At the same time, the analysis of simulation results also verifies the feasibility and rationality of the step-down braking scheme.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG315

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