基于激光传感器的刀具磨损检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 07:02

本文选题：激光位移传感器 + PLC控制　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术的进步,制造行业在不断使用新技术与新方法解决一些过去难以解决的问题。刀具磨损是影响产品加工精度、加工质量与加工效率的关键问题之一。所以刀具磨损检测一直是机械加工过程中重要的研究课题。在刀具磨损检测技术的探索上,不断有学者提出新的技术方法并进行研究。为了得到刀具的三维形貌,有人尝试使用三坐标测量机及断层扫描技术,但这两种方法测量速度慢、造价高,无法满足实际刀具设计和性能分析的需要。因此,快速而准确的刀具三维形貌测量系统是机械加工领域亟需解决的问题。本文拟采用激光位移传感器作为采集工具得到刀具表面尺寸信息。激光位移传感器发出激光照射在刀具表面,然后由传感器内部的CMOS相机采集数据。通过滑台的移动实现对刀具表面进行逐行扫描。最后采用抽样方法对采集到刀具表面形貌位置信息进行精简处理。采用多基准面建模得出刀具表面形貌信息,能直观精确的对刀具状况进行检测。本文采用激光位移传感器作为信息采集元件,采用型材搭建的框架搭载由PLC控制的步进电机移动平台作为刀具载体,进行了激光位移传感器在刀具磨损检测中的应用研究。最后研制出基于激光位移传感器的刀具磨损检测装置。为进一步在数控车床上的刀具磨损实时检测做前期准备。本文在参考并综述国内外的刀具磨损检测状况的基础上,进行了一些创新型研究。主要体现在移动平台结构的控制设计以及激光位移传感器的应用上,做出的工作包括以下内容:激光位移传感器的选取,移动平台框架的设计,PLC对步进电机的控制设计以及激光位移传感器数据的采集处理,最后对磨损刀具的检测试验。
[Abstract]:With the progress of modern science and technology, the manufacturing industry is constantly using new technologies and methods to solve some problems that were difficult to solve in the past. Tool wear is one of the key problems affecting product machining precision, machining quality and machining efficiency. Therefore, tool wear detection has been an important research topic in the process of machining. In the exploration of tool wear detection technology, some scholars put forward new methods and research. In order to obtain the 3D profile of the tool, some people try to use the 3D coordinate measuring machine and the fault scanning technology, but these two methods are slow in measuring speed and high in cost, which can not meet the needs of the actual tool design and performance analysis. Therefore, the rapid and accurate measuring system of three-dimensional profile of cutting tools is an urgent problem in the field of machining. In this paper, the laser displacement sensor is used as the acquisition tool to obtain the tool surface size information. The laser displacement sensor emits a laser on the surface of the tool and then collects data from a CMOS camera inside the sensor. The tool surface is scanned line by moving the slide table. Finally, the sampling method is used to simplify the position information of the tool surface. The multi-datum modeling is used to obtain the tool surface topography information, which can detect the cutting tool condition intuitively and accurately. In this paper, the laser displacement sensor is used as the information acquisition element, and the frame built by the profile is used to carry on the application of the laser displacement sensor in the tool wear detection by using the PLC controlled stepping motor moving platform as the tool carrier. Finally, a tool wear detection device based on laser displacement sensor is developed. In order to further the NC lathe tool wear real-time detection preparation. On the basis of reference and review of tool wear detection situation at home and abroad, some innovative researches have been carried out in this paper. It is mainly reflected in the control design of the mobile platform structure and the application of the laser displacement sensor. The work done includes the following contents: the selection of the laser displacement sensor, The design of mobile platform frame includes the control design of stepping motor by PLC and the data acquisition and processing of laser displacement sensor. Finally, the testing test of wear tool is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH744.5;TG71

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