钨铜系合金药型罩的破甲特性及破甲机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 01:33

本文选题：W-Cu合金药型罩 + 射流　；参考：《北京理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：W-Cu合金具有高密度、高声速以及良好的塑性,是一种极具潜力的药型罩材料,目前对W-Cu合金药型罩破甲性能的研究结果显示,W-Cu合金药型罩的穿深比相同结构的紫铜药型罩提高了30%。为了探究W-Cu合金药型罩的破甲机理和影响因素,促进其应用,本文以W-Cu合金药型罩及其侵彻后的靶板为研究对象,通过静破甲试验和静破甲试验后对弹道表面残余射流及靶板的详细微观组织分析,对W-Cu射流的熔化、成分梯度等特征及其破甲机理进行了探讨,研究了W颗粒尺寸和合金元素添加对W-Cu合金药型罩破甲性能的影响及影响机理,并针对不同靶板材料分析了射流与靶板材料之间相互作用对药型罩破甲性能的影响。W-Cu射流特征及破甲机理的研究结果表明,射流在形成及侵彻靶板的过程中均未在侵彻方向上形成成分梯度,且仅在侵彻靶板的过程中发生了熔化。在射流侵彻靶板的过程中,W相携带射流中的大部分能量是射流侵彻的主要“实施者”,Cu相对射流的侵彻起润滑作用。射流与靶板之间的剧烈作用导致射流能量的横向耗散,使互相接触的射流和靶板发生熔化,熔融的W与靶板中的Fe发生反应,加剧了射流能量的耗散,熔融的Cu则减少了W相与靶板的接触几率,进而减弱了射流能量的耗散,提高了射流的破甲性能。Zn和Ni的添加对W-Cu合金药型罩破甲性能影响的研究结果表明,两种元素均提高了合金的力学性能,却降低了W-Cu合金药型罩的破甲性能。W-Cu合金中Zn和Ni的添加改变了粘结相得到熔点,降低了粘结相的润滑作用,促进了W与靶板中Fe的反应,加剧了射流能量的横向耗散;此外,Ni的添加提高了合金中W与粘结相的结合强度,加剧了射流侵彻过程中W的变形,进一步消耗了射流的能量。W-Cu合金药型罩对不同靶板材料破甲性能研究结果表明,射流对Cu靶的穿深远高于对钛合金靶以及45#钢靶的穿深。靶板与射流所含元素之间的反应对射流破甲性能具有很大的影响。在射流侵彻靶板的过程中,钛合金中的Ti以及45#钢中的Fe均与射流中的W发生了反应,加剧了射流能量的耗散,并形成了硬质相,进一步阻碍了射流的侵彻。但在射流侵彻Cu靶的过程中,Cu与W不发生反应,同时熔融的Cu对射流有着良好的润滑作用,减少了射流能量的消耗。W颗粒尺寸对W-Cu合金药型罩破甲性能影响的研究结果表明,W颗粒尺寸的减小提高了合金的力学性能,却降低了药型罩的破甲性能。细小的钨颗粒在烧结过程中容易发生长大及团聚,影响合金的组织均匀性,进而造成药型罩的非对称式压垮及射流分流,严重影响有效射流质量。此外,W颗粒尺寸的减小增加了W颗粒的比表面积,促进了W颗粒在短时间高温高压作用下的熔化,熔化的W易与靶板发生反应,最终加剧了射流能量的耗散。
[Abstract]:W-Cu alloy has high density, hypersonic velocity and good plasticity. The results show that the penetration depth of W-Cu alloy coating is 30% higher than that of the same structure. In order to investigate the mechanism and influence factors of W-Cu alloy powder cover, and promote its application, this paper takes W-Cu alloy powder cover and its penetrating target plate as the research object. Based on the detailed microstructure analysis of residual jet and target plate after static armour-breaking test and static armour-breaking test, the melting and composition gradient of W-Cu jet and the mechanism of armour-breaking are discussed. The effects of W particle size and alloying elements on the armour-breaking properties of W-Cu alloy were studied. The effects of the interaction between the jet and the target material on the armour-breaking properties of the propellant cover are analyzed. The results show that the characteristics of W-Cu jet and the mechanism of armour-breaking are discussed. During the formation and penetration of the target plate, the jet did not form a component gradient in the penetration direction, and only melted in the process of penetrating the target plate. In the process of jet penetration into the target plate, most of the energy in the jet carried by the W phase is the main "implementer" of the jet penetration and Cu plays a lubricating role against the jet penetration. The violent action between the jet and the target plate leads to the transverse dissipation of the jet energy, the melting of the contact jet and the target plate, and the reaction between the molten W and the Fe in the target plate, which exacerbates the energy dissipation of the jet. The melting Cu reduces the contact probability between W phase and target plate, and then reduces the dissipation of jet energy, and improves the armour-breaking properties of the jet. The addition of Zn and Ni in W-Cu alloy changed the melting point of bonding phase, reduced the lubrication of bonding phase and promoted the reaction between W and Fe in target plate. In addition, the addition of Ni increases the bonding strength between W and the bonding phase in the alloy, and accelerates the deformation of W during the penetration of the jet. The results show that the penetration depth of jet to Cu target is higher than that of titanium alloy target and 4steel target. The reaction between the target plate and the elements contained in the jet has great influence on the armour-breaking performance of the jet. In the process of jet penetration into the target plate, Ti in titanium alloy and Fe in 4steel react with W in jet, which increases the dissipation of jet energy and forms a hard phase, which further hinders the penetration of jet. However, there is no reaction between Cu and W in the process of jet penetration into Cu target. Meanwhile, molten Cu has a good lubricating effect on the jet. The results show that the decrease of W particle size improves the mechanical properties of the alloy, but decreases the armour-breaking properties of the powder cover. The fine tungsten particles are easy to grow up and agglomerate in the sintering process, which affects the microstructure uniformity of the alloy, resulting in the asymmetric collapse of the charge cover and the jet diversion, which seriously affects the quality of the effective jet. In addition, the decrease of W particle size increases the specific surface area of W particles and promotes the melting of W particles under the action of high temperature and high pressure for a short time. The melted W easily reacts with the target plate, and finally increases the energy dissipation of the jet.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TJ410.333;TG146.411

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