基于圆弧刃金刚石刀具的超精密光学加工技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 12:13

本文选题：金刚石刀具 + 刀具参数　；参考：《长春理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：单点金刚石车削技术采用单晶金刚石刀具对工件表面做微米级范围的去除,使被加工的光学零件表面达到精度要求,实现超精密车削的目的。尤其是单点金刚石车削具有快速、低成本和高效等优势,使其在光学、医疗器械、汽车和通信等领域得到广泛应用。在现代光学技术领域中,随着光学技术的快速发展,对光学器件的表面精度要求越来越高,随之带来的对当代超精密加工精度也越来越高,同时在单点金刚石车削过程中,圆弧刃金刚石刀具的各项参数是影响光学零件表面加工精度的一项重要因素,通过了解刀具各项参数的选择及其对工件的作用机理,能够有效的控制光学元件的表面质量以及形状精度。本文为了了解单晶金刚石刀具在切削过程中对工件表面质量的影响,首先简要介绍了单晶金刚石晶体的性质,然后对单晶金刚石刀具刃口的锋利度、加工时刀具几何参数的合理选择,以及其后刀面的难易磨方向和刀尖圆弧上的难磨比做了深入的研究。围绕着圆弧刃金刚石刀具对光学零件的加工工艺,先从表面粗糙度的成型机理入手,分析不同后刀面轮廓刀具对不同形状工件表面残留高度的影响,并建立了不同后刀面轮廓刀具对工件表面粗糙度影响的理论计算模型,进一步分析其对工件表面粗糙度影响的差异。再根据刀具的各种偏差,本文深入的分析了刀具刃口波纹度对光学零件表面面形的影响,建立刀具刃口波纹度与工件表面面形误差之间的对应关系,并分析刀具刃口波纹度对光学零件表面面形的影响,根据数学模型得到随着刀具刃口波纹度的增加,对工件表面面形的影响越大,以及在利用相同刃口波纹度刀具对光学零件进行切削时,加工的口径越大,刃口波纹度对其面形影响越严重。最后,本文经过对黄铜和铝的切削实验,得到刀具各项参数对工件表面粗糙度和面形影响的实验结果,并对实验结果与理论分析相对比,进一步分析刀具各项参数对工件表面的影响,最终实现合理的选择刀具参数来满足加工要求。
[Abstract]:Single point diamond turning technology uses single crystal diamond cutting tools to remove the workpiece surface in the range of micron order, which makes the surface of the optical parts machined to meet the precision requirement and achieve the purpose of ultra-precision turning. In particular, single point diamond turning has the advantages of high speed, low cost and high efficiency, which makes it widely used in the fields of optics, medical devices, automobiles and communications. In the field of modern optical technology, with the rapid development of optical technology, the surface accuracy of optical devices is becoming more and more high, and the precision of ultra-precision machining is becoming higher and higher. At the same time, in the process of single point diamond turning, The parameters of diamond cutting tools with circular arc edge are an important factor affecting the surface machining accuracy of optical parts. The selection of the parameters of the cutting tools and the mechanism of their action on the workpieces are understood. It can effectively control the surface quality and shape accuracy of optical elements. In order to understand the influence of single crystal diamond cutting tools on the surface quality of workpiece, the properties of single crystal diamond crystal and the sharpness of the cutting edge of single crystal diamond tool are introduced briefly in this paper. The reasonable selection of the geometric parameters of the tool, the direction of the grinding of the tool surface and the ratio of the grinding on the arc of the cutter tip are studied in detail. Based on the machining process of optical parts with circular arc edge diamond tools, the influence of different rear cutter profile tools on the surface residual height of workpieces with different shapes is analyzed, starting with the forming mechanism of surface roughness. The theoretical calculation model of the influence of different profile tools on the surface roughness of workpiece is established, and the difference of the influence on the surface roughness of workpiece is analyzed. Then according to the deviation of cutting tool, this paper deeply analyzes the influence of cutting edge corrugation on the surface shape of optical parts, and establishes the corresponding relationship between tool edge corrugation and workpiece surface shape error. The influence of cutting edge corrugation on the surface profile of optical parts is analyzed. According to the mathematical model, the greater the influence on the surface shape of workpiece is obtained with the increase of cutting edge corrugation. And when cutting optical parts with the same cutting edge corrugation tool, the larger the diameter of machining, the more serious the influence of edge corrugation on the surface shape. Finally, through cutting experiments on brass and aluminum, the experimental results of the influence of cutting tool parameters on the surface roughness and surface shape of workpiece are obtained, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical analysis. The influence of cutting tool parameters on the workpiece surface is further analyzed, and the reasonable selection of tool parameters to meet the machining requirements is realized.
【学位授予单位】：长春理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG71;TG51

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