金属表面疏水性研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-18 18:07

本文选题：金属 + 疏水性　；参考：《表面技术》2017年12期

【摘要】：表面疏水性是近年来科学研究的热点。在生活中观察到荷叶表面上的水滴呈现圆球状,并能在荷叶上滚动而带走灰尘。研究发现荷叶表面具有优越的疏水性和自清洁特性,主要是由其表面微观的粗糙结构和低表面能物质共同引起的。概述了荷叶表面疏水性产生的原因,指出由于荷叶表面存在大量的微米级乳突,在这些微米级乳突上还有一些纳米级结构,这种纳米级结构正是引起荷叶表面超疏水的根本原因。归纳了疏水性表面的重要理论,其中,Young方程针对平整、光滑表面,将液滴在光滑表面上的张力和接触角联系起来;Wenzel模型是在Young方程的基础上引入了粗糙度因子,Wenzel模型中液滴形成的是一种非复合式的润湿状态,液滴和固体表面完全接触;Cassie方程是Wenzel模型的延伸,液滴和固体之间不再是单纯的非复合式接触,而是混有一定空气的复合式接触。在此基础上,综述了近年来表面疏水性的制备方法,包括化学法、特种加工法和微切削法等,最后展望了疏水性表面目前存在的问题。
[Abstract]:Surface hydrophobicity is a hot topic of scientific research in recent years. Water droplets on the surface of the lotus leaf are observed to be spherical in shape and can roll over the lotus leaf to remove dust. It was found that the surface of lotus leaves had excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties, mainly caused by the rough structure of the surface and the low surface energy substances. The reasons for the hydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface are summarized, and it is pointed out that there are some nanoscale structures on the surface of lotus leaf due to the existence of a large number of micron papillae on the surface of lotus leaf. This nanostructure is the root cause of the superhydrophobicity on the lotus leaf surface. The important theory of hydrophobic surface is summarized, in which Young's equation is for smooth and smooth surface. The Wenzel model, which relates the tension and contact angle of droplets on a smooth surface, is a non-composite wetting state in which the roughness factor Wenzel model is introduced on the basis of Young's equation. The Cassie equation is an extension of Wenzel model. The contact between droplet and solid is no longer a simple non-composite contact, but a mixed contact with certain air. On this basis, the preparation methods of surface hydrophobicity in recent years, including chemical method, special processing method and micro-cutting method, are reviewed. Finally, the existing problems of hydrophobic surface are prospected.
【作者单位】：河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(51475148) 河南联合基金(U1604225)~~
【分类号】：TG174.4

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