超磁致伸缩激振器的研究设计与建模仿真

发布时间：2018-06-21 09:16

本文选题：振动时效 + 超磁致伸缩激振器　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：金属工件在经过锻压、切削、淬火等加工工艺后,工件的内部会产生残余应力,这种残余应力会大大降低工件的尺寸精度与疲劳强度,甚至会使工件在使用过程中发生断裂等意外事故。而振动时效法作为一种去除金属残余应力的新兴时效工艺,有着更加高效、节能环保的优点,目前已广泛应用于工业生产中,并大有取代传统热时效法、自然时效法的趋势,因此研究设计一套新型振动时效装置具有重要的理论以及现实意义。针对常见的传统电动式激振器中存在的缺陷,通过采用超磁致伸缩材料设计一种振动频带范围更宽、响应更快、输出力更大的激振器,并对其关键的技术问题进行了理论以及仿真研究。通过深入研究超磁致伸缩材料的工作机理与基本特性,并综合考虑实际工作现场的条件状况,提出了激振器设计时应注意的问题。在对超磁致伸缩材料基本特性所做研究工作的基础上,结合振动时效中,时效工件对激振源输出特性的要求,对激振器整体的结构、超磁致伸缩棒、预紧力机构、温控装置、驱动和偏置线圈等重要部件进行了设计与优化,并结合实际情况,配合计算得到各部件的具体几何参数,校验后最终得到超磁致伸缩激振器的模型。超磁致伸缩激振器的工作特性直接取决于激振器内磁路结构中的磁场特性,为提升其工作性能,本文利用Comsol Multiphysics5.2有限元分析软件,建立了激振器的有限元模型,分别仿真分析了激振器内部磁路全开,半开,全闭合时内部磁场分布的情况,确定采用闭合磁路的结构设计方案。另一方面,对组成闭合磁路的部件(导磁体、导磁壁)选用不同属性材料时,对GMM棒所处磁场的均匀程度进行了仿真,最终得到闭合磁路内各部件的材料选用办法。为定量研究超磁致伸缩激振器的动态特性,文中建立了激振器系统的动态数学模型,并利用Matlab/Simulink仿真分析了主要结构参数对激振器动态特性的影响,为激振器的动态设计与优化提供理论依据。同时,基于极点配置法设计了激振器的状态反馈控制器,从精密定位以及抗干扰能力两个方面对该控制方法进行仿真,结果显示该控制器能够较好控制激振器。
[Abstract]:After forging, cutting, quenching and so on, the residual stress will be produced in the workpiece, which will greatly reduce the dimensional accuracy and fatigue strength of the workpiece. It will even make the workpiece in the process of fracture and other accidents. As a new aging process for removing metal residual stress, vibration aging method has the advantages of more efficient, energy saving and environmental protection. It has been widely used in industrial production and has a tendency to replace the traditional thermal aging method and natural aging method. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study and design a new type of vibration aging device. In view of the defects in the conventional electric exciter, a vibration exciter with wider frequency band, faster response and larger output force is designed by using giant magnetostrictive material. The key technical problems are studied in theory and simulation. By studying the working mechanism and basic characteristics of Giant Magnetostrictive material and considering the condition of actual working field, the paper puts forward some problems that should be paid attention to in the design of exciter. On the basis of the research on the basic characteristics of giant magnetostrictive materials and the requirements of the aging workpiece on the output characteristics of the exciting source, the structure of the exciter, the giant magnetostrictive rod, the pretightening force mechanism and the temperature control device are considered. Some important components, such as drive coil and offset coil, are designed and optimized. Combined with the actual situation, the geometric parameters of each component are calculated, and the model of the giant magnetostrictive exciter is obtained after checking. The working characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive exciter are directly dependent on the magnetic field characteristics in the magnetic circuit structure of the exciter. In order to improve its working performance, the finite element model of the exciter is established by using Comsol Multisphysic5.2 finite element analysis software. The distribution of the magnetic field inside the exciter is simulated and analyzed when the magnetic circuit is fully open, half open and fully closed, and the structural design scheme of the closed magnetic circuit is determined. On the other hand, the homogeneity of the magnetic field of the GMM rod is simulated when the components (magnetic conductors, magnetic walls) of the closed magnetic circuit are selected with different properties. Finally, the material selection method of the components in the closed magnetic circuit is obtained. In order to quantitatively study the dynamic characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive exciter, the dynamic mathematical model of the exciter system is established, and the influence of main structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the exciter is simulated by Matlab / Simulink. It provides theoretical basis for dynamic design and optimization of vibration exciter. At the same time, the state feedback controller of the exciter is designed based on the pole collocation method. The control method is simulated from two aspects of precision positioning and anti-interference ability. The results show that the controller can control the exciter well.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG155.7

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