锡基合金真空蒸馏气—液相平衡实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 18:48

本文选题：锡基合金 + 真空蒸馏　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：真空蒸馏技术因其流程短、无污染、设备简单、金属回收率高等诸多优点被广泛用于金属的分离和提纯。通过计算分离系数能粗略地判断合金的分离程度,但是不能够提供准确的实验条件信息,因此引入气-液相平衡(Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium,VLE)理论指导合金的真空蒸馏分离操作,用VLE相图对真空蒸馏过程中气相产物和液相产物进行预测,对设计合金真空蒸馏实验和指导真空蒸馏生产过程都具有重要的意义。VLE数据是真空蒸馏过程的基础数据,在气-液相平衡的理论研究和实际操作中具有至关重要的作用,目前关于锡基二元及三元合金气-液相平衡的实验研究及相关VLE数据少有报道。本研究根据气-液相平衡理论,对Bi-Sn、Sb-Sn、Pb-Sn二元合金体系及Bi-Sb-Sn三元合金体系在真空蒸馏过程中的气-液相平衡进行了实验研究,分析测定了气相和液相中组元的含量,并根据气-液相平衡理论结合Wilson方程计算了上述二元及三元合金体系在不同温度下的VLE数据,绘制了 T-x-y相图。通过实验研究和理论计算获得了 5～10Pa条件下锡基二元及三元合金的VLE实验数据和计算值,运用Herington test和Van Ness test两种热力学一致性检验方法分别对实验VLE数据和计算值进行了热力学一致性校验,结果指出实验值和计算值都满足热力学一致性,说明所测定VLE数据可用于对合金气-液相平衡的研究。通过将VLE实验数据与理论计算值比较分析,结果显示在误差范围内液相实验值与计算值可以很好的吻合,气相实验值与计算值有较大偏差。实验VLE数据与计算得到T-x-y相图描述的各组元在不同温度条件下真空蒸馏时的行为趋于一致,说明VLE相图所描述的蒸馏过程中各组元在蒸馏过程中的行为是准确的。气-液平衡相图显示的锡基二元合金的最佳蒸馏条件与实验和实际工业上蒸馏操作条件相吻合,用气-液平衡相图可以指导真空蒸馏实验和实际生产过程。
[Abstract]:Vacuum distillation is widely used in the separation and purification of metals because of its advantages of short flow, no pollution, simple equipment and high metal recovery. The separation degree of alloy can be roughly determined by calculating the separation coefficient, but it can not provide accurate experimental information. Therefore, the Vapor-Liquid equilibrium (Vapor-Liquid equilibrium) theory is introduced to guide the vacuum distillation separation operation of the alloy. The VLE phase diagram is used to predict the vapor and liquid phase products in vacuum distillation process. It is of great significance to design the vacuum distillation experiment of alloy and to guide the production process of vacuum distillation. VLE data are the basic data of vacuum distillation process. It plays an important role in the theoretical study and practical operation of gas-liquid equilibrium. At present, there are few reports on gas-liquid equilibrium of tin based binary and ternary alloys and related VLE data. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium theory, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of Bi-Snn Sb-Snn binary alloy system and Bi-Sb-Sn ternary alloy system during vacuum distillation was studied experimentally. The contents of components in gas and liquid phases were analyzed and determined. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium theory and Wilson equation, the VLE data of the binary and ternary alloy systems are calculated at different temperatures, and the T-x-y phase diagram is drawn. The VLE experimental data and calculated values of tin based binary and ternary alloys at 510Pa have been obtained by experimental study and theoretical calculation. By using Herington test and Van Ness test, the thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data and the calculated values are verified, respectively. The results show that both the experimental values and the calculated values meet the thermodynamic consistency. The VLE data can be used to study the gas-liquid equilibrium of alloys. By comparing and analyzing the VLE experimental data and the theoretical calculated data, the results show that the liquid phase experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated values in the error range, and there is a big deviation between the gas phase experimental values and the calculated values. The behavior of each component described by T-x-y phase diagram at different temperatures is consistent with that of experimental VLE data, which shows that the behavior of each component in the distillation process described by VLE phase diagram is accurate. The results show that the optimal distillation conditions of tin based binary alloy are in agreement with the experimental and practical industrial distillation conditions. The gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram can be used to guide the vacuum distillation experiment and the actual production process.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG146.14

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