面向特征的整体叶轮多轴铣削刀轨规划与优化

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:46

本文选题：整体叶轮 + 铣削加工　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：整体叶轮是涡轮式发动机的核心部件,在航空航天、能源动力等领域有着广泛的应用,属于典型难加工复杂曲面类零件。其型面曲率变化大,扭曲程度高、叶片薄且相对较长,呈不可展开直纹面,叶片间流道形成的区域空间较小,呈半封闭螺旋型腔结构。因此,叶轮加工时叶片易变形且叶片间易发生干涉状况等,给叶轮整体加工带来较大困难。但由于叶轮型面的加工精度和表面质量对发动机性能和寿命有着决定性的影响。因此,高效的刀轨规划方法成为整体叶轮加工质量和效率提高的研究重点。针对整体叶轮的典型型面特征,本文提出了面向特征的整体叶轮多轴铣削加工方法,并开发了整体叶轮加工型面特征刀轨规划系统。首先,在分析现阶段整体叶轮类零件加工的工艺特点和难点的基础上,根据整体叶轮加工型面特征,建立了由叶片、流道、进出水边、叶根等不同型面刀轨构成的整体叶轮多轴铣削特征库;设计了叶轮加工型面与特征刀轨库间的匹配规则;然后,针对整体叶轮的叶根过渡曲面做了型面特征分析,研究了在叶根过渡曲面加工过程中的刀轴控制方法,并给出了该特征刀轨的可行域,通过建立关键工艺参数与可行域结构的对应关系的完成对该过渡区域刀路轨迹优化;最后,构建了整体叶轮加工型面特征刀轨优化系统框架制作了特征刀轨铣削加工模板,通过加工型面刀轨与特征刀轨的匹配,实现整体叶轮加工型面特征刀轨的规划和优化,并通过实例验证了面向特征的整体叶轮加工方法的优越性。本论文研究方法简化了整体叶轮刀轨规划过程,减少叶轮加工曲面的刀路数量,提高了整体叶轮自由曲面叶片加工质量和效率,对解决其他类型复杂曲面类零件的特征刀轨规划问题提供了有效的参考,对提高叶轮类零件数控铣削性能具有十分重要的理论意义和生产应用价值。
[Abstract]:The integral impeller is the core part of the turbine engine. It is widely used in the fields of aerospace, energy power and so on. It belongs to the typical complex curved surface parts. The surface curvature is large, the distortion degree is high, the blade is thin and relatively long, the blade is inexpandable and straight, the space of the flow channel between the blades is small, and the structure of the semi-closed spiral cavity is presented. Therefore, the blade is easily deformed and the interference between the blades is easy to occur in the process of impeller machining, which brings great difficulties to the whole processing of the impeller. However, the machining accuracy and surface quality of impeller profile have a decisive effect on engine performance and life. Therefore, efficient tool path planning method has become the focus of research on improving the machining quality and efficiency of the whole impeller. In view of the typical profile features of the integral impeller, this paper presents a feature-oriented multi-axis milling method for the integral impeller, and develops a tool path planning system for the machining profile of the integral impeller. First of all, on the basis of analyzing the technological characteristics and difficulties of machining the integral impeller parts at the present stage, according to the characteristics of the machining surface of the integral impeller, the blade, the runner, the inlet and outlet of the water edge are established. The multi-axis milling feature storehouse of the whole impeller made up of blade root and so on is designed, and the matching rules between the machining surface of impeller and the characteristic tool track library are designed. Then, the feature analysis of the blade root transition surface of the whole impeller is done. In this paper, the tool shaft control method in the machining process of the blade root transition surface is studied, and the feasible region of the characteristic tool track is given. The tool path of the transition region is optimized by establishing the corresponding relation between the key process parameters and the structure of the feasible region. In this paper, the optimization system frame of machining surface characteristic cutter track of integral impeller is constructed. The machining template of feature cutter rail is made. Through the matching of machining surface cutter rail and characteristic cutter track, the planning and optimization of feature cutter track of machining surface of integral impeller are realized. The advantages of the feature-oriented integral impeller machining method are verified by an example. The research method of this paper simplifies the whole impeller tool path planning process, reduces the cutter path number of the impeller machining surface, and improves the machining quality and efficiency of the monolithic impeller free surface blade. It provides an effective reference for solving the problem of characteristic cutter path planning of other types of complex curved surface parts, and has very important theoretical significance and production application value for improving the NC milling performance of impeller parts.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG547

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