船体表面附着物清洗技术的研究及应用

发布时间：2018-07-05 03:28

本文选题：海洋污损生物 + 船舶污损　；参考：《表面技术》2017年10期

【摘要】：鉴于船体表面海洋附着物对船舶航行的重要影响,针对国内外船体清洗相关技术及应用进行了全面分析。详细介绍了目前船坞清洗和水下清洗所采用的各种方法,包括刮铲技术、喷砂技术、转刷技术、声场技术、高压和超高压水射流技术、磨料水射流技术、淹没型空化水射流技术,并对比了各技术的优缺点。刮铲技术不再是主要清洗方式,常作为辅助手段出现。喷砂操作简单,设备成本低廉,但对环境污染严重,危害工人健康。转刷适用于软质生物的清洗,而对搁板状生物难去除。磨料水射流和声场技术由于存在技术难点,仍需进一步研究。高压水射流清洗高效,但安全操作需要专业培训,且二次返锈问题严重。超高压成套清洗设备能很好地解决返锈问题和废水废渣的回收。但这些清洗技术普遍会对船舶的基底涂层产生破坏,由此强调了空化水射流低压时的强侵蚀作用和不会破坏软质涂层的技术特点,突出了水下清洗的优势和必要性。最后,总结了超高压大功率的船坞清洗特点,提出了以淹没型空化水射流技术为主,多种技术相结合的船体水下清洗成套设备的发展趋势,从而实现低能耗、无破坏、绿色环保的船体污损清洗。
[Abstract]:In view of the important influence of marine appendages on the ship's navigation, the related techniques and applications of ship cleaning at home and abroad are comprehensively analyzed. This paper introduces in detail various methods used in shipyard cleaning and underwater cleaning, including scraping technology, sand blasting technology, turning brush technology, sound field technology, high-pressure and ultra-high pressure water jet technology, abrasive water jet technology, The submerged cavitation water jet technology is compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are compared. Scraper technology is no longer the main cleaning method, often as an auxiliary means. Sand blasting operation is simple, the equipment cost is low, but the environmental pollution is serious, endangering workers' health. The brush is suitable for the cleaning of soft organisms, but it is difficult to remove the shelf-like organisms. The technology of abrasive water jet and sound field needs further study because of its technical difficulties. High pressure water jet cleaning is efficient, but safety operation needs professional training, and the problem of secondary rust return is serious. EHV cleaning equipment can solve the problem of rust recovery and the recovery of waste water. However, these cleaning techniques will generally destroy the substrate coating of the ship, thus emphasizing the strong erosion effect of cavitation water jet at low pressure and the technical characteristics of not destroying the soft coating, thus highlighting the advantages and necessity of underwater cleaning. Finally, the characteristics of shipyard cleaning with ultra-high pressure and high power are summarized, and the development trend of underwater cleaning equipment with submerged cavitation water jet technology and combination of various technologies is put forward, so as to achieve low energy consumption and no damage. Environmental friendly hull fouling cleaning.
【作者单位】：上海海事大学商船学院;
【基金】：上海海事大学创新基金项目(2015ycx047)~~
【分类号】：TG174.4;U672.72

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