空间二次曲面轮廓度误差及位置姿态测量评定技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:46

本文选题：二次曲面轮廓度误差 + 最小区域原则　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：二次曲面因其特殊的几何或者物理意义,在科研生产的诸多领域拥有广泛的应用。包括二次曲面轮廓度误差评定和二次曲面空间位置姿态求取的二次曲面的测量评定技术也越发受到关注。很多二次曲面零件的轮廓度误差和其空间位置姿态都与这些零件的几何和物理意义息息相关。例如,在航天工程中,星载天线的面形误差和空间位置姿态就直接关系到天线的电性能。为准确地评定抛物面天线等二次曲面的轮廓度误差及求取其空间位置姿态,特对以下的相关技术进行研究探索。首先,依据目前国际和国家标准中的轮廓度误差和形状误差的定义,借鉴平面度、圆柱度误差定义和二次曲面轮廓度误差评定的研究资料,对球度、圆锥度、椭球面、抛物面和双曲面轮廓度误差进行定义。建立了基于最小区域原则或者基于最小二乘原则的空间任意位置姿态二次曲面轮廓度误差评定模型,以解决工程中空间二次曲面的评定问题。为提高测量评定的准确性和效率,给出基于初始测量点三坐标数据的二次曲面类别归算方法、模型初值的计算公式和各类二次曲面的面型约束条件公式。对模型最优解的存在性进行了分析。提出了角度分割逼近算法结合改进的粒子群算法(IPSO)求解空间任意位置姿态二次曲面的测量评定模型。在评定中采用角度分割逼近算法计算测量点到空间二次曲面的法向偏差,再根据轮廓度误差定义得到模型中的目标函数。分析了角度分割逼近算法成立的两条前提假设,并根据假设给出合理的算法网格布局递推公式。根据模型中目标函数的特点,提出主要以最优化解析法结合PSO算法求解评定模型的IPSO算法,并分析了模型的收敛性和算法的时间复杂度。根据几何特性对空间二次曲面轮廓度误差评定模型进行计算简化,并给出简化模型的初值计算公式。通过实验,采用基于最小二乘原则、基于最小区域原则的二次曲面轮廓度误差评定模型、基于最小区域原则的空间二次曲面轮廓度误差评定的计算简化模型和SA(Spatial Analyzer)软件进行各类二次曲面轮廓度误差评定并对比结果,证明各个模型都能对空间二次曲面准确地完成轮廓度误差评定,同时计算简化模型更有效率。根据国际和国家标准及以往的研究,定义了基于最小区域原则或者基于最小二乘原则的空间二次曲面位置姿态,并给出其相应的求取模型和初值求取公式。根据抛物面天线电性能研究采用面形误差概念,同时给出抛物面法向均方根、轴向均方根误差的位置姿态求取模型。通过实验验证了二次曲面位置姿态求取模型被验证。在空间二次曲面轮廓度误差评定模型基础上,提出一种使用三坐标测量仪时的直接半径补偿方法。最后采用Faro三坐标测量仪对某型号抛物面天线进行测量评定实验,通过实验表明几类典型空间二次曲面轮廓度评定模型及简化模型、二次曲面空间位置姿态求取模型、角度分割逼近算法、直接半径补偿方法可以有效的完成二次曲面测量评定的任务。
[Abstract]:Two surfaces are widely used in many fields of scientific research and production because of their special geometric or physical meaning. The measurement and evaluation techniques for the measurement and evaluation of the two surfaces, including the profile error assessment of two surfaces and the position and pose of two surfaces, have also been paid more attention. The profile error and its space position of many two surface parts For example, in space engineering, the surface error of the Spaceborne Antenna and the position of the space position are directly related to the electrical performance of the antenna. In order to accurately assess the profile error of the two surface of the paraboloid antenna and to obtain the position of its space position, the following related techniques are made. First of all, according to the definition of contour error and shape error in international and national standards, by reference to the research data of flatness, cylindricity error definition and two surface profile error assessment, the definition of sphericity, conic, ellipsoid, paraboloid and double surface profile error is defined. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement evaluation, a method for the classification of the two surface categories based on the three coordinate data of the initial measurement points is given, and the calculation of the initial value of the model is given. The formula and the face type constraint condition formula of all kinds of two surfaces are analyzed. The existence of the optimal solution of the model is analyzed. An angle segmentation approximation algorithm combined with improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to solve the measurement evaluation model of the two curved surface of a space arbitrary position. The normal deviation of the two curved surface is obtained, and then the objective function in the model is obtained by the definition of the contour error. The two premise assumptions of the angle segmentation approximation algorithm are analyzed, and a rational algorithm of the recursive formula of the algorithm grid layout is given according to the hypothesis. Based on the characteristics of the objective function in the model, the optimization method is proposed to combine the PSO algorithm with the optimization method. The IPSO algorithm of the evaluation model is solved, and the convergence of the model and the time complexity of the algorithm are analyzed. According to the geometric characteristics, the estimation model of the space two surface profile error is simplified, and the formula of the initial value calculation of the simplified model is given. Through the experiment, the two times curve based on the minimum two multiplying principle and the minimum region principle is adopted. The error assessment model of surface profile degree, the simplified model and SA (Spatial Analyzer) software based on the minimum area principle for evaluating the profile error of the two surface profile, and the comparison results of the profile error evaluation of various two surfaces, prove that each model can accurately evaluate the contour error of the space two surfaces. The simplified model is more efficient. According to the international and national standards and previous studies, the position and posture of the space two order surface based on the minimum region principle or the least square principle are defined, and the corresponding calculation model and the initial value formula are given. The paraboloid method is used to calculate the position and attitude of the root mean square root error in the axial mean square root error. Through the experiment, it is proved that the position and attitude model of the two curved surface is verified. On the basis of the spatial profile error assessment model of the two curved surface, a direct half path compensation method using the three coordinate measuring instrument is proposed. Finally, the Faro three coordinate measurement is used. The measurement and evaluation experiment of a type of parabolic antenna is carried out by the instrument. Through the experiment, several types of typical space two surface profile evaluation model and simplified model, two curved surface positions pose model, angle segmentation approximation algorithm, and the direct radius compensation method can effectively complete the task of two surface measurement and evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG806

【相似文献】