双螺母预紧式滚珠丝杠副的摩擦及其磨损研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 16:43

本文选题：滚珠丝杠副 + 滑动分析　；参考：《东南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：由于滚珠丝杠副具有传动效率高、定位精度高和自动化程度高等特点,已被广泛的应用在国防业、工业和农业的各种精密仪器中,尤其在数控机床中的利用尤为显著。进入二十一世纪,对数控机床的速度、精度及自动化程度等性能提出了更高的要求,其中关键功能部件是制约我国数控机床发展的一个主要原因。以关键功能部件的滚珠丝杠副为例,滚珠丝杠副的高速化带来了滚珠丝杠副的振动、噪声和摩擦,这必然导致的磨损增加与寿命的降低,大大影响了滚珠丝杠副在高速下定位精度要求。究其原因是由于滚珠丝杠副在我国的发展较晚,对于滚珠丝杠副的基础理论和实验测试方面的研究严重不足。为了逐渐缩小这方面的差距,为此,本文以南京工艺装备制造有限公司提供的双螺母预紧式滚珠丝杠副为研究对象,利用滚动接触理论、蠕滑分析和Archard磨损模型等理论分析与对应的实验测试相结合的方式,对滚珠丝杠副的滑动、摩擦和磨损问题进行多方面的分析,为高速精密滚珠丝杠副工作效率的提高、摩擦磨损的降低及使用寿命的延长等问题提供理论和技术支持。本文主要开展以下具体工作：1.在前人研究的基础上,建立一套适用于本文计算的滚珠丝杠副滑动、摩擦和磨损的齐次坐标变换系统,利用此坐标变换方法,有效的解决了滚珠丝杠副涉及的不同坐标下的力与运动的空间转化问题；2.建立的滚珠丝杠副的动力学模型,不再基于各滚珠丝杠副内各滚珠受到的力与运动均相同的假设,以各滚珠的实际受力情况为基础,建立一个新的动力学分析模型,通过实验验证,此模型对计算滚珠丝杠副的摩擦和磨损有着较好的效果；3.对双螺母预紧式滚珠丝杠副进行了滑动分析,此分析不仅完善传统上的滚珠与螺母滚道和丝杠滚道之间的差动滑动,对滚珠之间的滑动也进行了分析,考虑了高速状态下滚珠丝杠副中的滚珠受到离心力的作用,从滚珠的自转和公转的角度,进一步对滚珠丝杠副滑动产生的影响进行了分析。分析了滚珠丝杠副的接触角、螺旋升角和滚珠的直径等参数对滚珠丝杠副滑动的影响规律,并提出了减小滚珠丝杠副滑动的方法和措施。研究发现滚珠丝杠副的滑动是影响滚珠丝杠副传动效率的主要因素；4.建立了以滚动接触理论为基础的计算滚珠丝杠副摩擦力的改进模型,有效的避免了利用库伦摩擦力模型计算滚珠丝杠副的缺陷。对滚珠和滚道以及滚珠之间分别进行蠕滑分析,给出了各接触面的蠕滑参数(包括：蠕滑率、自旋率和Heathcote项),利用Kalker线性理论的摩擦力与蠕滑参数关系建立了改进型滚珠丝杠副摩擦力计算模型,通过比较理论计算值和实验测量值,验证了此改进的摩擦力计算模型。利用此模型进一步分析了蠕滑参数与滚珠丝杠副摩擦力之间的定量关系和蠕滑参数对蠕滑力分布的影响；5.采用Archard模型建立了双螺母预紧式滚珠丝杠副的改进型磨损模型,此模型考虑了高速滚珠丝杠副中滚珠受到离心力的影响,结合实验对滚珠丝杠副的磨损进行了分析,并验证了此磨损模型。利用此模型分析了曲率比、导程和丝杠材料等参数对滚珠丝杠副磨损的关系,提出了改进滚珠丝杠副磨损的方法和措施。针对丝杠材料对滚珠丝杠副磨损的重要性和复杂性,拓展分析以期缩短国内丝杠材料与国外丝杠材料在热处理方面的差距。
[Abstract]:The ball screw has been widely used in the national defense industry because of its high transmission efficiency, high positioning accuracy and high automation, especially in various precision instruments of industry and agriculture, especially in CNC machine tools. In twenty-first Century, the performance of the speed, precision and automation of the CNC machine bed was put forward. The key functional components are the main reasons for restricting the development of CNC machine tools in China. Taking the ball screw pairs of key functional parts as an example, the high speed of the ball screw pair brings the vibration, noise and friction of the ball screw, which will inevitably lead to the decrease of wear and life, and greatly influence the ball screw pair. The reason for the positioning accuracy at high speed is due to the late development of the ball screw pair in our country. The research on the basic theory and experimental test of the ball screw pair is seriously inadequate. In order to gradually reduce the gap in this area, this paper is based on the double nut pre tightening ball screw provided by Nanjing technology and equipment manufacturing Co., Ltd. By means of rolling contact theory, creep analysis and Archard wear model, the sliding, friction and wear problems of the ball screw are analyzed in many aspects, which can improve the efficiency of the high speed precision ball screw, the decrease of friction and wear and the service life. This paper provides theoretical and technical support. This paper mainly carries out the following specific work: 1. on the basis of previous studies, a set of homogeneous coordinate transformation system for sliding, friction and wear of ball screw pairs is established, and the coordinate transformation method has been used to solve the different coordinates of ball screw pairs. The dynamic model of the ball screw pair established by 2. is no longer based on the assumption that the forces and motion of the balls in the ball screw are the same. Based on the actual force conditions of each ball, a new model of dynamic analysis is established. The model is verified by experiments to calculate the ball wire. The friction and wear of the bar pair have a good effect. 3. the sliding analysis of the double nut pre tightening ball screw pair is carried out. The analysis not only improves the differential sliding between the ball and the nut raceway and the screw raceway, but also analyzes the sliding between the ball and the ball, and considers the ball of the ball screw in the high speed state. The effect of the centrifugal force is further analyzed from the angle of the rotation and rotation of the ball ball. The influence of the contact angle, the spiral angle and the diameter of the ball screw on the sliding of the ball screw are analyzed, and the methods and measures to reduce the sliding of the ball screw are also put forward. It is found that the sliding of the ball screw pair is the main factor affecting the transmission efficiency of the ball screw. 4. an improved model based on the rolling contact theory is established to calculate the friction force of the ball screw, which effectively avoids the calculation of the defects of the ball screw by using the Kulun friction force model. The creep parameters of each contact surface (including creep rate, spin rate and Heathcote term) are given. The friction force calculation model of the improved ball screw is established by using the relationship between the friction force and the creep parameters of the Kalker linear theory. The calculation model of the improved friction force is verified by comparing the calculated values and the measured values. Using this model, the quantitative relationship between the creep parameters and the friction force of the ball screw and the influence of creep parameters on the creep force distribution are analyzed. 5. the improved wear model of the double nut pre tightening ball screw pair is established by Archard model. The model takes into account the influence of the centrifugal force on the ball of the high speed ball screw pair. The wear of ball screw pair is analyzed by the experiment and the wear model is verified. By using the model, the relationship between the curvature ratio, the guide and the screw material on the wear of the ball screw is analyzed, and the methods and measures to improve the wear of the ball screw are put forward. In order to shorten the heat treatment gap between domestic screw materials and foreign screw materials.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG659

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