齿轮激光精密测量装置与软件系统的研发

发布时间：2018-07-22 15:03

【摘要】：随着当代制造业的飞速成长,机械产品对零部件的精度要求也越来越高。齿轮作为机械传动部件中的重要部分,其精度直接决定了机械传动的稳定性,因此其生产制造的要求也越来越严格。对齿轮制造精度的检测成为企业生产过程中不可或缺的一部分,但是目前广泛使用的测量仪器与方法存在操作复杂,检测时间长等不足,同时在面对圆锥齿轮或弧齿圆柱齿轮等复杂型面齿轮时甚至出现难以测量的困境,这就制约了国内齿轮制造精度的提高。论文首次提出了一种基于激光位移传感器的非接触式齿轮测量装置并开发了相应的数控测量分析软件,能够对目前常用的各类齿轮进行齿距偏差、齿廓偏差、径向跳动偏差等测量项目的快速自动检测。论文介绍了近年来齿轮检测技术与仪器的发展,分析了目前广泛应用的接触式齿轮测量原理:利用触发式或扫描式测头对齿轮齿面进行坐标点的采样,然后在构建的工件坐标系中对采样的坐标点进行拟合分析从而计算齿面误差。接触式测量方法对测量面有一定的要求,同时需要预先设定测量路径,测量步骤及误差分析方法复杂。此外,普通接触式测量难以检测具有复杂齿面的圆锥齿轮和弧齿圆柱齿轮等,而针对这类齿轮专门开发接触式测量中心则更加复杂与困难,国内目前还没有十分成熟的产品。论文提出并研制的测量装置主要由工作台、机械运动机构、伺服控制系统、激光位移传感器和上位机构成。机械结构部分采用高精度的线性模组与光栅尺配合以提高运动定位的精度,同时采用基于PCI总线的运动控制卡对伺服系统进行高精度、高效率的运动控制。此外,针对目前接触式测量法存在的不足,论文首次提出了非接触式测量法以及对应的误差分析方法。利用激光位移传感器对齿面轮廓的高精度测量,通过齿轮空间位置关系将位移数据转化为直角坐标系中的坐标点,从而利用坐标法分析得出齿面的误差数据。非接触式测量方法具有高效率、高精度、操作简单、适应性广等优点。论文综合运用了 SolidWorks二次开发技术,VB开发技术以及数据库技术,将模型仿真、运动控制、误差分析三大功能集成于一体,成功完成了该测量装置的软件系统的开发。本文使用自主研发的装置与测量系统进行了测量实验,通过分析数据得到了有效的齿距、齿廓和径向跳动等偏差,验证了论文提出的测量方法的可行性与正确性,能够满足齿轮检测的基本需要,为非接触式齿轮测量方法的研究与发展奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the contemporary manufacturing industry, the precision requirements of mechanical products are becoming higher and higher. As an important part of mechanical transmission components, the accuracy of gear directly determines the stability of mechanical transmission, so the requirements of its production and manufacture are becoming more and more strict. The measurement of gear manufacturing accuracy has become an indispensable part of the enterprise production process, but the widely used measuring instruments and methods have some shortcomings, such as complex operation, long detection time and so on. At the same time, when facing the complicated profile gear such as bevel gear or arc tooth cylindrical gear, it is even difficult to measure, which restricts the improvement of manufacturing precision of domestic gear. In this paper, a non-contact gear measuring device based on laser displacement sensor is put forward for the first time, and the corresponding numerical control measuring and analyzing software is developed, which can carry on the tooth pitch deviation and tooth profile deviation to all kinds of gears commonly used at present. Rapid automatic detection of radial runout deviation and other measurement items. This paper introduces the development of gear detection technology and instrument in recent years, and analyzes the contact gear measuring principle which is widely used at present: sampling the coordinate points of gear tooth surface by using trigger or scanning probe. Then fitting the sampled coordinate points in the workpiece coordinate system to calculate the tooth surface error. The method of contact measurement has some requirements on the measuring surface, and it also needs to set the measuring path in advance, and the measurement steps and error analysis methods are complex. In addition, the conventional contact measurement is difficult to detect the bevel gear and the arc cylindrical gear with complex tooth surface, but it is more complicated and difficult to develop contact measuring center for this kind of gear. At present, there is no very mature product in our country. The measuring device is mainly composed of worktable, mechanical motion mechanism, servo control system, laser displacement sensor and upper mechanism. In the part of mechanical structure, the high precision linear module and grating ruler are used to improve the accuracy of motion positioning, and the motion control card based on PCI bus is used to control the servo system with high precision and high efficiency. In addition, the non-contact measurement method and the corresponding error analysis method are proposed for the first time in view of the shortcomings of the current contact measurement method. By using the laser displacement sensor to measure the profile of the tooth surface with high precision, the displacement data are transformed into coordinate points in the right angle coordinate system by the spatial position relation of the gear, and the error data of the tooth surface are obtained by using the coordinate method. Non-contact measurement method has the advantages of high efficiency, high accuracy, simple operation and wide adaptability. This paper uses SolidWorks secondary development technology VB development technology and database technology to integrate the three functions of model simulation, motion control and error analysis, and successfully completes the development of the software system of the measuring device. In this paper, the self-developed device and measurement system are used to carry out the measurement experiment. The effective deviation of tooth pitch, tooth profile and radial runout is obtained by analyzing the data, which verifies the feasibility and correctness of the measurement method proposed in this paper. It can meet the basic needs of gear detection and lay a foundation for the research and development of non-contact gear measurement methods.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG86

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