基于Arcan夹具复合载荷原位测试装置的设计与试验研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 11:44
【摘要】：随着新材料和高端制造等产业集群的发展,学术界和工业界对材料服役性能测试技术的要求不断提高,传统试验机单一载荷模式的加载已满足不了市场需求,多载荷小型化原位测试装置将是未来材料测试领域的发展方向,各类工程材料在服役期间并非仅仅承受单一载荷的作用,不同应力状态下材料的宏微观破坏机理迥然不同。本文从微观力学行为,变形损伤机制出发,开展了基于Arcan夹具复合载荷原位测试装置的设计与试验研究,通过改进Arcan夹具获取任意平面应力状态,在此基础上完成了整个原位测试装置的结构设计、仪器装调、性能测试和典型材料Q235钢的材料性能表征和微观组织演化分析。本文主要研究内容如下:1、基于Arcan夹具复合载荷原位测试装置设计与分析为实现在平面复合载荷下测试材料的力学性能,改进了Arcan夹具,使支撑夹具的定位槽的几何圆心与夹具几何圆心相重合以保证对中性,所研制的测试装置的整体尺寸为206mm?183mm?53mm,设计位移行程为0~8mm,位移分辨力为1μm,载荷量程0~1500N,载荷分辨力为10m N,实现了原位测试装置与主流SEM、CCD等成像主件兼容,最终通过理论计算和动静态仿真分析证明了仪器设计的合理性。2、基于Arcan夹具复合载荷原位测试装置性能测试与校准设计了测试装置的电控系统,实现了装置各路信号与上位机的通信,通过对6061航空铝的试验,验证测试装置重复性良好,针对小型化仪器的校准问题,对测试装置进行了误差分析,提出了两种误差修正机制,通过理论和模型相结合的方式对误差产生原因和最终的修正提供了理论依据,针对测试装置产生的误差,采用三维数字散斑技术进行了误差修正并通过试验验证了其修正方法的合理性和可行性,与OLYMPUS DSX500高景深显微镜实现了原位化集成。3、基于自制测试装置的原位试验研究利用自制的原位测试仪器对Q235钢进行了原位试验研究,探究了不同应力状态下Q235钢裂纹萌生、扩展以及断裂行为,试验发现滑移带的分布情况对裂纹萌生和增长有着巨大的影响,晶格表面滑移线密度随着角度的递增而不断增大,微缺陷普遍萌生在晶界或第二相粒子处,加载过程中伴随着明显的穿晶现象,随着测试角度的增加,扩展机制由正应力主导向切应力主导转变,材料断裂逐渐由微孔聚集断裂向延性剪切断裂转变,在15°拉剪复合载荷作用下微缺陷处应力集中并慢慢扩展成条状裂纹,随着载荷逐渐增大,金相表层被慢慢剥离试件表面呈河流样,在标距段根部出现主裂纹,可见不同平面应力状态下材料断裂机制显然不同,本装置为探究材料微观机理提供了新的应用途径。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial clusters such as new materials and high-end manufacturing, the requirement of testing technology for material service performance in academia and industry is increasing. The loading of single load mode of traditional testing machine can not meet the market demand. Multi-load miniaturized in-situ testing equipment will be the development direction in the field of material testing in the future. All kinds of engineering materials are not only subjected to a single load during the service period, but the macro and micro failure mechanism of materials under different stress states are very different. In this paper, based on the micromechanical behavior and the mechanism of deformation damage, the design and experimental study of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture are carried out, and the arbitrary plane stress state is obtained by improving the Arcan fixture. On this basis, the structure design, instrument adjustment, performance test, characterization and microstructure evolution analysis of the typical material Q235 steel have been completed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the design and analysis of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture, the Arcan fixture is improved to realize the mechanical properties of testing material under plane composite load. The geometric center of the positioning slot supporting the fixture coincides with the geometric center of the fixture in order to ensure the neutrality, The overall size of the test device is 206 mm / 183mm / 53mm, the designed displacement stroke is 0 mm / 8 mm, the displacement resolution is 1 渭 m, the load range is 0 渭 m, the load resolution is 10 mm N, and the in-situ testing device is compatible with the main imaging components such as the mainstream SEMU CCD, etc. Finally, the rationality of the instrument design is proved by theoretical calculation and dynamic and static simulation analysis. Based on the performance test and calibration of the in-situ testing device of Arcan fixture, the electronic control system of the testing device is designed. The communication between each signal of the device and the upper computer is realized. Through the test of 6061 aviation aluminum, it is verified that the test device has good repeatability. In view of the calibration problem of the miniaturized instrument, the error analysis of the test device is carried out. Two kinds of error correction mechanisms are proposed, which provide the theoretical basis for the cause of error and the final correction by combining theory with model. The error correction is carried out by using 3D digital speckle technique, and the rationality and feasibility of the correction method are verified by experiments. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out with OLYMPUS DSX500 high field depth microscope. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out by using a self made in situ test instrument, and the crack initiation of Q235 steel under different stress states was investigated. It is found that the distribution of the slip band has a great influence on the crack initiation and growth. The slip line density on the lattice surface increases with the increase of the angle, and the microdefects generally germinate at the grain boundary or at the second phase particle. Along with the obvious transgranular phenomenon in the loading process, with the increase of the testing angle, the propagation mechanism changes from normal stress leading to shear stress leading, and the material fracture gradually changes from micropore aggregation fracture to ductile shear fracture. Under the action of 15 掳tension and shear composite load, the stress concentration at the microdefect is concentrated and slowly expands into a strip crack. With the increasing of the load, the surface of the metallographic surface is stripped off slowly, and the surface of the specimen appears fluvial like, and the main crack appears at the root of the distance section. It can be seen that the fracture mechanism of materials under different plane stress states is obviously different, and this device provides a new way of application for exploring the microscopic mechanism of materials.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG75
本文编号：2169920
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial clusters such as new materials and high-end manufacturing, the requirement of testing technology for material service performance in academia and industry is increasing. The loading of single load mode of traditional testing machine can not meet the market demand. Multi-load miniaturized in-situ testing equipment will be the development direction in the field of material testing in the future. All kinds of engineering materials are not only subjected to a single load during the service period, but the macro and micro failure mechanism of materials under different stress states are very different. In this paper, based on the micromechanical behavior and the mechanism of deformation damage, the design and experimental study of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture are carried out, and the arbitrary plane stress state is obtained by improving the Arcan fixture. On this basis, the structure design, instrument adjustment, performance test, characterization and microstructure evolution analysis of the typical material Q235 steel have been completed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the design and analysis of in-situ testing device for composite load of Arcan fixture, the Arcan fixture is improved to realize the mechanical properties of testing material under plane composite load. The geometric center of the positioning slot supporting the fixture coincides with the geometric center of the fixture in order to ensure the neutrality, The overall size of the test device is 206 mm / 183mm / 53mm, the designed displacement stroke is 0 mm / 8 mm, the displacement resolution is 1 渭 m, the load range is 0 渭 m, the load resolution is 10 mm N, and the in-situ testing device is compatible with the main imaging components such as the mainstream SEMU CCD, etc. Finally, the rationality of the instrument design is proved by theoretical calculation and dynamic and static simulation analysis. Based on the performance test and calibration of the in-situ testing device of Arcan fixture, the electronic control system of the testing device is designed. The communication between each signal of the device and the upper computer is realized. Through the test of 6061 aviation aluminum, it is verified that the test device has good repeatability. In view of the calibration problem of the miniaturized instrument, the error analysis of the test device is carried out. Two kinds of error correction mechanisms are proposed, which provide the theoretical basis for the cause of error and the final correction by combining theory with model. The error correction is carried out by using 3D digital speckle technique, and the rationality and feasibility of the correction method are verified by experiments. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out with OLYMPUS DSX500 high field depth microscope. The in situ test of Q235 steel was carried out by using a self made in situ test instrument, and the crack initiation of Q235 steel under different stress states was investigated. It is found that the distribution of the slip band has a great influence on the crack initiation and growth. The slip line density on the lattice surface increases with the increase of the angle, and the microdefects generally germinate at the grain boundary or at the second phase particle. Along with the obvious transgranular phenomenon in the loading process, with the increase of the testing angle, the propagation mechanism changes from normal stress leading to shear stress leading, and the material fracture gradually changes from micropore aggregation fracture to ductile shear fracture. Under the action of 15 掳tension and shear composite load, the stress concentration at the microdefect is concentrated and slowly expands into a strip crack. With the increasing of the load, the surface of the metallographic surface is stripped off slowly, and the surface of the specimen appears fluvial like, and the main crack appears at the root of the distance section. It can be seen that the fracture mechanism of materials under different plane stress states is obviously different, and this device provides a new way of application for exploring the microscopic mechanism of materials.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG75
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