细长轴外圆切削的刀具几何角度优化
发布时间：2018-08-11 13:55
【摘要】：细长轴类零件作为重要的机械部件,广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、航海、农业、医学等各个领域,随着社会的进步和科技的发展,细长轴零件的需求也大量增加,同时对其加工质量的要求也日益提高。在加工中影响零件加工质量的因素有很多,其中刀具作为直接加工用具,其参数影响极为重要。目前,国内外学者对切削的研究主要集中在刀具的结构设计及相关优化方面,并进行了深入的研究,但是总体上看,关于对刀具的研究一般都是针对切削用量的优化选择,很少对刀具主要几何角度方面进行优化研究。实际加工研究中发现,刀具的主要几何角度对刀具寿命以及工件加工质量等多方面都密切相关。所以本文结合国内外的研究成果,进一步对刀具几何角度进行分析,以切削力为研究切入点,对硬质合金刀具的主要几何角度进行优化研究。本文详细分析了国内外在细长轴加工相关领域的研究现状,且在次基础上,结合细长轴类零件的加工特点,提出进行切削刀具几何角度优化的研究内容及方法。首先通过对细长轴类零件外圆车削的切削力进行了理论分析,确定了切削细长轴的切削用量,并对车削细长轴工件过程中的刀具几何角度进行理论分析,根据细长轴的自身的切削性质特点,进行了坐标平移及转换的计算,并由此建立了外圆车削刀具的几何模型,得到了刀具实际切削过程的数学模型。然后在切削用量值已知的情况下,对不同刀具的主要几何角度进行了有限元对比仿真分析,提出了切削细长轴理论上的刀具最优几何角度。以理论数值为基础,进行了不同刀具几何角度刀具切削细长轴工件的正交试验分析,利用极差分析法进一步得到了刀具主要几何角度最优方案。在理论分析基础上,再进行实验研究,再根据实验数据进行细长轴工件切削的刀具几何角度优化,采用多元回归分析法进行定量分析,建立了刀具主要几何角度的数学模型,同时确定优化变量以及目标函数的约束条件,最后利用DPS数据处理平台对刀具几何角度进行优化,得到刀具几何角度优化结果,利用Matlab绘图软件对最优刀具几何角度进行分析,最后通过制备刀具进行试验对优化结果进行验证。
[Abstract]:As important mechanical parts, slender shaft parts are widely used in aerospace, automobile, navigation, agriculture, medicine and other fields. With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the demand for slender shaft parts is also increasing. At the same time, the quality of its processing requirements are also increasing. There are many factors that affect the machining quality of parts in machining, among which the tool is a direct tool, and its parameters are very important. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the cutting tool structure design and related optimization, and have carried out in-depth research, but generally speaking, the research on cutting tools is generally aimed at the optimal selection of cutting parameters. There is little research on the optimization of the main geometric angles of cutting tools. It is found that the main geometric angle of the tool is closely related to the life of the tool and the machining quality of the workpiece. Therefore, combining with the domestic and foreign research results, this paper further analyzes the geometric angle of the cutting tool, and optimizes the main geometric angle of the cemented carbide tool with cutting force as the starting point. In this paper, the current research situation in the field of slender axis machining at home and abroad is analyzed in detail, and on the basis of the secondary, combining with the machining characteristics of slender shaft parts, the research contents and methods of geometric angle optimization of cutting tools are put forward. Firstly, the cutting force of the slender axis parts is analyzed theoretically, and the cutting parameters of the thin axis are determined, and the geometric angle of the cutting tool during the turning process of the slender axis workpiece is analyzed theoretically. According to the cutting characteristics of the slender axis, the coordinate translation and transformation are calculated, and the geometric model of the outer circle turning tool is established, and the mathematical model of the actual cutting process of the tool is obtained. Then, when the cutting parameters are known, the main geometric angles of different cutting tools are compared and simulated by finite element method, and the optimal geometric angle of the cutting tool is put forward in the theory of cutting slender axis. Based on the theoretical values, the orthogonal experimental analysis of cutting tools with different tool geometric angles is carried out. The optimum scheme of main geometric angles of cutting tools is obtained by using the range analysis method. On the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the geometric angle of cutting tool of slender axis workpiece is optimized according to the experimental data, and the mathematical model of main geometric angle of tool is established by means of multivariate regression analysis. At the same time, the optimization variables and the constraint conditions of the objective function are determined. Finally, the geometric angle of the tool is optimized by using the DPS data processing platform, and the optimization results of the geometric angle of the tool are obtained, and the optimal geometric angle of the tool is analyzed by using the Matlab software. Finally, the optimized results are verified by the experiments of the prepared tools.
【学位授予单位】：长春大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG711
[Abstract]:As important mechanical parts, slender shaft parts are widely used in aerospace, automobile, navigation, agriculture, medicine and other fields. With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the demand for slender shaft parts is also increasing. At the same time, the quality of its processing requirements are also increasing. There are many factors that affect the machining quality of parts in machining, among which the tool is a direct tool, and its parameters are very important. At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the cutting tool structure design and related optimization, and have carried out in-depth research, but generally speaking, the research on cutting tools is generally aimed at the optimal selection of cutting parameters. There is little research on the optimization of the main geometric angles of cutting tools. It is found that the main geometric angle of the tool is closely related to the life of the tool and the machining quality of the workpiece. Therefore, combining with the domestic and foreign research results, this paper further analyzes the geometric angle of the cutting tool, and optimizes the main geometric angle of the cemented carbide tool with cutting force as the starting point. In this paper, the current research situation in the field of slender axis machining at home and abroad is analyzed in detail, and on the basis of the secondary, combining with the machining characteristics of slender shaft parts, the research contents and methods of geometric angle optimization of cutting tools are put forward. Firstly, the cutting force of the slender axis parts is analyzed theoretically, and the cutting parameters of the thin axis are determined, and the geometric angle of the cutting tool during the turning process of the slender axis workpiece is analyzed theoretically. According to the cutting characteristics of the slender axis, the coordinate translation and transformation are calculated, and the geometric model of the outer circle turning tool is established, and the mathematical model of the actual cutting process of the tool is obtained. Then, when the cutting parameters are known, the main geometric angles of different cutting tools are compared and simulated by finite element method, and the optimal geometric angle of the cutting tool is put forward in the theory of cutting slender axis. Based on the theoretical values, the orthogonal experimental analysis of cutting tools with different tool geometric angles is carried out. The optimum scheme of main geometric angles of cutting tools is obtained by using the range analysis method. On the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the geometric angle of cutting tool of slender axis workpiece is optimized according to the experimental data, and the mathematical model of main geometric angle of tool is established by means of multivariate regression analysis. At the same time, the optimization variables and the constraint conditions of the objective function are determined. Finally, the geometric angle of the tool is optimized by using the DPS data processing platform, and the optimization results of the geometric angle of the tool are obtained, and the optimal geometric angle of the tool is analyzed by using the Matlab software. Finally, the optimized results are verified by the experiments of the prepared tools.
【学位授予单位】：长春大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG711
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