深孔加工孔轴线偏斜及纠偏技术的研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 19:14

【摘要】：随着机械行业的不断向前发展和市场多元化需求,新型高强度、高硬度材料的深孔加工、异性复杂零件的深孔加工、高精密零件的深孔加工等不断出现,加工的难度也越来越大,这对深孔加工有了越来越高的标准。因为深孔加工环境和工艺的特殊性,这就会造成深孔工件不可避免的会发生难以预料的孔轴线偏斜问题,能否很好的解决深孔加工孔轴线偏斜的问题,直接影响深孔的加工精度和质量,因此,在保证深孔加工高效率的前提下,如何保证在深孔加工过程中孔轴线不偏斜,是提高深孔加工精度和质量的关键。本文阐述了深孔加工技术的研究背景及意义,简述了不同深孔加工系统的特点以及深孔加工存在的主要问题;分析了深孔加工孔轴线偏斜的机理及影响因素及导向套偏心和钻杆刚度不足引起钻杆偏斜的两种理论模型以及孔轴线偏斜微分方程,并得出孔轴线偏斜量与各参数之间的关系;同时也总结了以前控制深孔加工孔轴线偏斜的方法,包括深孔加工前预防偏斜措施、新型挤压油膜阻尼器纠偏以及工件附件外力纠偏;并在此基础上设计了一种纠偏钻杆,并论述了该方案的可行性,同时对纠偏钻杆的结构进行了设计,包括纠偏钻杆锥型体结构的选择、支撑位置的确定、偏心时径向力的计算,并且通过理论分析和模型仿真分析,得出所设计的纠偏钻杆有一定的纠偏作用。进行纠偏钻杆径向力仿真分析时,基于流体动力学(CFD)理论,运用FLUENT流体动力学软件分别研究了纠偏钻杆锥形体为顺锥时顺锥有槽无槽、有无偏心等不同情况下设置相应的边界条件,对纠偏钻杆锥形体顺锥外壁与深孔内壁之间的切削液流场进行仿真分析,得到不同情况下模型的压力分布图和部分模型径向力仿真值,并分析了深孔加工系统不同供油压力对纠偏钻杆顺锥结构承载能力的影响,纠偏钻杆的设计为减小深孔加工孔轴线偏斜具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of machinery industry and diversified market demand, new high strength, high hardness material deep hole processing, heterosexual complex parts deep hole processing, high precision parts deep hole processing continue to appear. Processing is becoming more and more difficult, which has a higher and higher standard for deep hole processing. Because of the particularity of machining environment and technology of deep hole, this will inevitably cause the problem of hole axis deflection that is difficult to predict. Can we solve the problem of axis deflection of deep hole machining? The machining accuracy and quality of deep hole are directly affected. Therefore, it is the key to improve the precision and quality of deep hole machining that how to ensure that the axis of the hole is not skewed in the process of deep hole machining on the premise of ensuring high efficiency of deep hole machining. In this paper, the research background and significance of deep hole machining technology are described, and the characteristics of different deep hole machining systems and the main problems existing in deep hole machining are briefly described. This paper analyzes the mechanism and influencing factors of axial deflection of deep hole machining, two theoretical models of drill pipe deflection caused by eccentricity of guide sleeve and insufficient rigidity of drill pipe, and differential equations of deflection of hole axis, and obtains the relationship between the deflection of hole axis and the parameters. At the same time, the methods of controlling the deflection of the axis of the deep hole machining are summarized, including the measures of preventing the deviation before the processing of the deep hole, the deviation correction of a new type of squeeze film damper and the correction of the external force of the workpiece accessory, and a kind of rectifying drill pipe is designed on this basis. The feasibility of the scheme is discussed, and the structure of rectifying drill pipe is designed, including the selection of cone structure, the determination of support position, the calculation of radial force when eccentric, and the theoretical analysis and model simulation analysis. It is concluded that the designed drill pipe can correct the deviation to a certain extent. Based on the (CFD) theory of fluid dynamics and FLUENT software, the grooves and grooves of rectified drill pipes with conical cones are studied in this paper. Under different conditions, such as eccentricity or not, the flow field of cutting fluid between the conical outer wall and the inner wall of deep hole is simulated and analyzed. The pressure distribution diagram of the model and the radial force simulation value of part of the model are obtained under different conditions. The influence of different oil supply pressure on the load carrying capacity of the tapered structure of the rectifying drill pipe is analyzed in the deep hole machining system. The design of deflecting drill pipe is of great significance to reduce the axis deflection of deep hole machining.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG52

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