钢管外扫查相控阵超声成像及其定量检测关键技术
发布时间：2018-08-26 08:46
【摘要】：管材应用广泛,对国民经济和国防建设影响巨大,其质量优劣直接影响相关设备的运行性能和使用寿命,长期以来对无损检测技术有强烈需求。而在各种无损检测方法中,超声无损检测技术以其对人体安全无害、携带声学信息丰富以及易于与信息技术相结合等优点,成为钢管缺陷检测和质量监控的有效手段,并朝着相控阵超声无损评价方向发展。特别是相控阵超声无损检测技术除传承常规超声共性特点外,还具有波束柔性合成和动态聚焦特性,能够有效减少检测盲区,在钢管检测中优势尤为明显。基于以上背景,本学位论文在国家自然科学基金项目“圆柱类部件高性能自动化相控阵超声成像检测理论与技术的研究”(NO.51675480)的资助下,开展钢管外扫查相控阵超声成像及其定量检测关键技术研究。在分析相关检测理论和检测工艺的基础上,充分研究钢管超声成像及缺陷定量化等关键技术,将机电一体化与相控阵超声无损检测技术有机结合,研发一套钢管外扫查相控阵超声成像检测实验系统,开展相关实验研究,为实现钢管外扫查相控阵超声成像检测奠定必要的技术基础。具体研究工作包括:第一章,论述钢管在国民经济和人民生活中的重要地位以及开展钢管外扫查相控阵超声成像及其定量检测关键技术研究的重要意义,系统总结钢管相控阵超声成像检测技术的研究现状及其发展趋势。指出目前钢管检测所存在的主要问题,明确本文的研究内容,为后续章节的研究指明方向。第二章,建立圆柱坐标系下的波动方程及其求解,分析声波在钢管内传播的声学效应以及声学效应对成像分辨率的影响。研究相控阵超声波束的合成与控制原理,根据钢管检测需求设计合理的楔块和聚焦法则,实现波束在钢管内的聚焦,并开展基于楔块-钢管叠层结构的相控阵超声检测声场仿真。第三章,由于相控阵超声成像的B扫查和S扫查是主要的两种扫查方式,其表征方式友好、直观。基于此利用机械与电子扫查相结合的方式,发展一种相控阵超声复合式扫查技术,达到对待检钢管快速扫查的目的,并实现待检钢管目标区域内的高速和大范围的相控阵超声扫查成像。第四章,开展相控阵超声图像处理技术的研究,对超声回波信号进行小波阈值消噪和图像插值处理,提高超声图像的信噪比。同时,利用-6dB定量技术,获得缺陷的形状和尺寸,实现缺陷定量化检测。第五章,基于分布式体系结构和模块化设计策略,以自主研发的相控阵超声检测模块为功能核心部件,在完成相关硬件和上位机软件设计开发的基础上,成功研发出一套钢管外扫查自动化在线相控阵超声成像检测原理样机。同时,利用所研发的系统对无缝钢管开展相关实验研究,以验证本文相关理论与技术的可行性和有效性。第六章,对全文的研究工作进行总结,对将来的进一步研究进行展望。
[Abstract]:Tubes are widely used and have a great impact on the national economy and national defense construction. The quality of pipes has a direct impact on the operation performance and service life of related equipment. There has been a strong demand for non-destructive testing technology for a long time. It is easy to combine with information technology, and becomes an effective means of steel tube defect detection and quality control, and develops toward phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. Especially, phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology not only inherits the common characteristics of conventional ultrasound, but also has the characteristics of flexible beam synthesis and dynamic focusing, which can effectively reduce the detection blindness. Based on the above background, this dissertation, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project "Research on the Theory and Technology of High Performance Automatic Phased Array Ultrasonic Imaging for Cylindrical Components" (NO. 51675480), carries out the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and its quantitative detection for steel tube external scanning. Based on the analysis of relevant testing theory and testing technology, the key technologies such as ultrasonic imaging and defect quantification of steel pipe are fully studied. The electromechanical integration and phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology are combined organically. A phased array ultrasonic imaging testing system for steel pipe external scanning is developed, and relevant experimental research is carried out to realize steel pipe inspection. The specific research work includes: Chapter 1. Discusses the important position of steel pipe in the national economy and people's life, and the important significance of developing the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and quantitative detection of steel pipe. The research status and development trend of testing technology are pointed out. The main problems existing in steel tube testing are pointed out. The research contents of this paper are clarified and the direction of the following chapters is pointed out. The influence of resolution is studied. The principle of synthesis and control of phased array ultrasonic beams is studied. The reasonable wedge and focusing rule are designed according to the requirement of steel tube testing. The acoustic field simulation of phased array ultrasonic testing based on wedge-steel tube stack structure is carried out. Chapter 3: B scan and S scan of phased array ultrasonic imaging. Based on the combination of mechanical and electronic scanning, a phased array ultrasonic compound scanning technology is developed to achieve the purpose of rapid scanning of steel tube and realize high-speed and large-scale phased array ultrasonic scanning and imaging in the target area of steel tube to be inspected. Four chapters are devoted to the research of phased array ultrasonic image processing technology. Wavelet threshold denoising and image interpolation are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic image. At the same time, the shape and size of defects are obtained by using - 6dB quantitative technology to realize quantitative defect detection. Chapter 5 is based on distributed architecture and modular design. Based on the design and development of related hardware and software, a prototype of automatic on-line phased array ultrasonic imaging testing principle for steel tube inspection is successfully developed. At the same time, the related experimental research on seamless steel tube is carried out by using the developed system. In order to verify the feasibility and validity of the related theory and technology in this paper, Chapter 6 summarizes the research work of this paper and looks forward to the future research.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG115.285;TG142.15
本文编号：2204339
[Abstract]:Tubes are widely used and have a great impact on the national economy and national defense construction. The quality of pipes has a direct impact on the operation performance and service life of related equipment. There has been a strong demand for non-destructive testing technology for a long time. It is easy to combine with information technology, and becomes an effective means of steel tube defect detection and quality control, and develops toward phased array ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. Especially, phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology not only inherits the common characteristics of conventional ultrasound, but also has the characteristics of flexible beam synthesis and dynamic focusing, which can effectively reduce the detection blindness. Based on the above background, this dissertation, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project "Research on the Theory and Technology of High Performance Automatic Phased Array Ultrasonic Imaging for Cylindrical Components" (NO. 51675480), carries out the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and its quantitative detection for steel tube external scanning. Based on the analysis of relevant testing theory and testing technology, the key technologies such as ultrasonic imaging and defect quantification of steel pipe are fully studied. The electromechanical integration and phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology are combined organically. A phased array ultrasonic imaging testing system for steel pipe external scanning is developed, and relevant experimental research is carried out to realize steel pipe inspection. The specific research work includes: Chapter 1. Discusses the important position of steel pipe in the national economy and people's life, and the important significance of developing the research on the key technology of phased array ultrasonic imaging and quantitative detection of steel pipe. The research status and development trend of testing technology are pointed out. The main problems existing in steel tube testing are pointed out. The research contents of this paper are clarified and the direction of the following chapters is pointed out. The influence of resolution is studied. The principle of synthesis and control of phased array ultrasonic beams is studied. The reasonable wedge and focusing rule are designed according to the requirement of steel tube testing. The acoustic field simulation of phased array ultrasonic testing based on wedge-steel tube stack structure is carried out. Chapter 3: B scan and S scan of phased array ultrasonic imaging. Based on the combination of mechanical and electronic scanning, a phased array ultrasonic compound scanning technology is developed to achieve the purpose of rapid scanning of steel tube and realize high-speed and large-scale phased array ultrasonic scanning and imaging in the target area of steel tube to be inspected. Four chapters are devoted to the research of phased array ultrasonic image processing technology. Wavelet threshold denoising and image interpolation are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic image. At the same time, the shape and size of defects are obtained by using - 6dB quantitative technology to realize quantitative defect detection. Chapter 5 is based on distributed architecture and modular design. Based on the design and development of related hardware and software, a prototype of automatic on-line phased array ultrasonic imaging testing principle for steel tube inspection is successfully developed. At the same time, the related experimental research on seamless steel tube is carried out by using the developed system. In order to verify the feasibility and validity of the related theory and technology in this paper, Chapter 6 summarizes the research work of this paper and looks forward to the future research.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG115.285;TG142.15
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