加氢反应器单层带极电渣堆焊及堆焊层性能研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 15:15
【摘要】：作为经济生产中的重要能源,石油是一种不可再生资源,其存储量正在下降,石油化工企业获得的原油的质量不断下降。为了保证劣质原料炼化出的石油产品的质量,石油化工企业在炼制石油的过程中经常会使用“加氢”技术。加氢反应器是石油加氢炼化过程中的重要设备,在高温高压且临氢环境中使用,面临着多种腐蚀问题,设备一旦发生安全故障,将会造成灾难性损失,因此对加氢反应器的制造有极高的技术要求。加氢反应器在高温高压的环境中工作,为了保证强度一般采用Cr-Mo耐热钢作为主体材料。同时加氢反应器在运行过程中还接触多种腐蚀介质,因此需要在内壁上堆焊一定厚度的奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀层,目前,一般采用过渡层+耐蚀层双层堆焊技术。但是需要进行双层堆焊,导致其生产效率不高,堆焊材料浪费较多。为了克服这些不足,本文以加氢反应器用钢12Cr2Mo1R作为堆焊母材进行了单层带极电渣堆焊,并在此基础上研究了高速带极电渣堆焊技术,以期进一步提高焊接生产效率,降低生产成本。采用山特维克焊带21.11.LNb和配套焊剂47S进行了单层带极电渣堆焊,并分析了焊态和690℃×32h去应力退火后堆焊层的成分、组织和性能。结果表明:堆焊层化学成分合格,焊态和32小时去应力退火后力学性能、铁素体含量、硫酸-硫酸铜晶间腐蚀合格,并通过了氢剥离试验,堆焊层满足技术标准。分别选取天泰、神户制钢所和日本WEL三家公司提供的三种焊材进行了高速单层带极电渣堆焊,分析了焊态和690℃×32h去应力退火后的堆焊层性能。结果表明:用天泰焊带TBD-309LNb和焊剂ML-305HS堆焊的堆焊层Cr含量偏低,32小时去应力退火后铁素体含量不合格;用日本WEL焊带ESS 309Nbl和焊剂F-9NB堆焊的堆焊层Cr含量偏高,并且在32小时去应力退火后堆焊层的力学性能和铁素体含量不合格。只有用神户制钢所焊带US-B24.13.LNb和焊剂N-04178堆焊的堆焊层化学成分合格,焊态和去应力退火32小时后力学性能、铁素体含量、硫酸-硫酸铜晶间腐蚀、氢剥离试验均合格。为了研究热处理制度对高速电渣堆焊堆焊层耐蚀性能的影响,分析了不同时间去应力退火后堆焊层的微观组织、铁素体含量、熔合线附近成分变化以及在质量分数3.5%的Na Cl溶液和9.8%的H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能。试验结果表明:堆焊层以奥氏体和少量铁素体组成,同时还存在少量第二相粒子,离熔合线较近的铁素体主要以板条状形态存在,离熔合线较远的铁素体主要以骨架状形态存在,去应力退火时间对堆焊层组织的分布没有明显的影响;随着热处理时间增加,铁素体含量呈现持续减小的趋势;从EDS线分析看出,熔合线附近的元素分布主要是由堆焊过程中母材对堆焊层的稀释形成的,去应力退火过程中的元素扩散对元素分布没有太大影响。高速带极单层电渣堆焊工艺提高了堆焊速度,降低了焊接热输入,细化了堆焊层组织晶粒,降低了晶间腐蚀和点蚀敏感性;去应力退火使得堆焊层铁素体含量降低,影响了堆焊层的耐晶间腐蚀性能和耐点蚀性能。将高速单层带极电渣堆焊技术应用到加氢反应器制造中,由于采用较高焊接速度,只需堆焊一层奥氏体不锈钢就可得到满足技术要求的堆焊层,从而显著提高了生产效率,极大降低了制造成本,具有良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:As an important energy source in economic production, petroleum is a kind of non-renewable resource. Its storage is declining and the quality of crude oil obtained by petrochemical enterprises is declining. In order to ensure the quality of petroleum products refined from inferior raw materials, petrochemical enterprises often use "hydrogenation" technology in the process of refining petroleum. The reactor is an important equipment in the process of petroleum hydrorefining. It is used in high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen environment, facing a variety of corrosion problems. Once the equipment fails, it will cause catastrophic losses. Therefore, there is a high technical requirement for the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Cr-Mo heat-resistant steel is usually used as the main material for strength. At the same time, the hydrogenation reactor is also exposed to a variety of corrosion media during operation, so it is necessary to surfacing a certain thickness of austenitic stainless steel corrosion-resistant layer on the inner wall. At present, the general use of transition layer + corrosion-resistant layer double-layer surfacing technology. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with 12Cr2Mo1R as the base metal was carried out. On this basis, the high-speed strip electroslag surfacing technology was studied in order to further improve welding efficiency and reduce production costs. The composition, microstructure and properties of single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with Nb and 47S were analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of surfacing layer is qualified, the mechanical properties, ferrite content and sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion are qualified after welding and stress relief annealing at 690 ~32h. Three kinds of welding materials provided by Tiantai, Kobe Steel Institute and Japan WEL were selected for high-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing. The properties of surfacing layer after as-welded and stress-relief annealing at 690 ~32h were analyzed. The content of Cr in the surfacing layer is low and unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The surfacing layer with Japanese WEL welding belt ESS 309Nbl and flux F-9NB is high, and the mechanical properties and ferrite content of the surfacing layer are unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The mechanical properties, ferrite content, sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion and hydrogen stripping test were all qualified 32 hours after welding and stress relief annealing. The results show that the surfacing layer is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, and there are also a small number of second phase particles. The ferrite near the fusion line mainly exists in lath shape, and the separation line is more than the fusion line. Far ferrite mainly exists in the form of skeleton, and the stress relief annealing time has no obvious effect on the microstructure distribution of surfacing layer; with the increase of heat treatment time, the ferrite content presents a continuous decreasing trend; from the EDS line analysis, the element distribution near the fusion line is mainly formed by the dilution of base metal to surfacing layer during the surfacing process. High-speed strip-electrode single-layer electroslag surfacing process improves surfacing speed, reduces heat input, refines microstructure grain of surfacing layer, reduces intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion sensitivity; stress-relief annealing reduces ferrite content of surfacing layer and affects surfacing welding. High-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing technology is applied to the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Because of the high welding speed, only one layer of austenitic stainless steel can be surfacing layer to meet the technical requirements, thus significantly improving the production efficiency, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. Good application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG455;TE96
本文编号：2205278
[Abstract]:As an important energy source in economic production, petroleum is a kind of non-renewable resource. Its storage is declining and the quality of crude oil obtained by petrochemical enterprises is declining. In order to ensure the quality of petroleum products refined from inferior raw materials, petrochemical enterprises often use "hydrogenation" technology in the process of refining petroleum. The reactor is an important equipment in the process of petroleum hydrorefining. It is used in high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen environment, facing a variety of corrosion problems. Once the equipment fails, it will cause catastrophic losses. Therefore, there is a high technical requirement for the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Cr-Mo heat-resistant steel is usually used as the main material for strength. At the same time, the hydrogenation reactor is also exposed to a variety of corrosion media during operation, so it is necessary to surfacing a certain thickness of austenitic stainless steel corrosion-resistant layer on the inner wall. At present, the general use of transition layer + corrosion-resistant layer double-layer surfacing technology. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with 12Cr2Mo1R as the base metal was carried out. On this basis, the high-speed strip electroslag surfacing technology was studied in order to further improve welding efficiency and reduce production costs. The composition, microstructure and properties of single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with Nb and 47S were analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of surfacing layer is qualified, the mechanical properties, ferrite content and sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion are qualified after welding and stress relief annealing at 690 ~32h. Three kinds of welding materials provided by Tiantai, Kobe Steel Institute and Japan WEL were selected for high-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing. The properties of surfacing layer after as-welded and stress-relief annealing at 690 ~32h were analyzed. The content of Cr in the surfacing layer is low and unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The surfacing layer with Japanese WEL welding belt ESS 309Nbl and flux F-9NB is high, and the mechanical properties and ferrite content of the surfacing layer are unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The mechanical properties, ferrite content, sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion and hydrogen stripping test were all qualified 32 hours after welding and stress relief annealing. The results show that the surfacing layer is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, and there are also a small number of second phase particles. The ferrite near the fusion line mainly exists in lath shape, and the separation line is more than the fusion line. Far ferrite mainly exists in the form of skeleton, and the stress relief annealing time has no obvious effect on the microstructure distribution of surfacing layer; with the increase of heat treatment time, the ferrite content presents a continuous decreasing trend; from the EDS line analysis, the element distribution near the fusion line is mainly formed by the dilution of base metal to surfacing layer during the surfacing process. High-speed strip-electrode single-layer electroslag surfacing process improves surfacing speed, reduces heat input, refines microstructure grain of surfacing layer, reduces intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion sensitivity; stress-relief annealing reduces ferrite content of surfacing layer and affects surfacing welding. High-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing technology is applied to the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Because of the high welding speed, only one layer of austenitic stainless steel can be surfacing layer to meet the technical requirements, thus significantly improving the production efficiency, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. Good application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG455;TE96
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 杨通;王珂;范文斌;郭宗毅;;双带极埋弧堆焊改进及应用[J];锅炉制造;2016年02期
2 吴波;黄丽丽;赵恒凤;;加氢裂化装置腐蚀问题及应对策略研究[J];化工管理;2016年03期
3 费红茹;张璞临;张凯;厚喜荣;陈宏伟;张建晓;;高速带极单层电渣堆焊技术及质量控制[J];电焊机;2015年09期
4 金东发;邹坤;;双相钢焊条电弧焊堆焊工艺研究[J];压力容器;2014年11期
5 李雪静;;世界炼油业五大新动向[J];中国石化;2014年11期
6 王浩然;汪祯杰;冯斌;马彦利;;90mm双带极电渣堆焊工艺[J];压力容器;2014年10期
7 魏娜然;刘明亮;;12Cr2Mo1R耐热钢单层堆焊工艺[J];中国重型装备;2014年03期
8 廖翔鸿;;石油对环境污染及治理办法的研究进展[J];科技视界;2013年20期
9 王晶;张亦良;仇飞;吴道文;;双相不锈钢堆焊层应力腐蚀性能评价[J];焊接学报;2013年02期
10 刘明亮;;一台加氢反应器不锈钢堆焊层点腐蚀成因分析[J];科技创新导报;2013年03期
相关硕士学位论文 前6条
1 李义民;加氢反应器凸台CO_2气体保护焊堆焊[D];西安石油大学;2015年
2 彭娟;带极堆焊在石化装置加氢反应器中的应用及其质量控制[D];西安石油大学;2013年
3 何芬;45钢基体上D172焊条堆焊熔敷金属耐磨性能研究[D];西华大学;2011年
4 蔡啸涛;18Ni系马氏体时效钢补焊材料与工艺研究[D];江苏科技大学;2011年
5 钟玉;D172焊条电弧堆焊熔敷金属性能研究[D];西华大学;2008年
6 王舰;加氢反应器2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢堆焊不锈钢应用研究[D];重庆大学;2008年
，本文编号：2205278
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/jiagonggongyi/2205278.html
