轨道客车常用铝合金5083、6082 MIG焊接工艺研究
发布时间：2018-08-30 10:38
【摘要】：高速列车轻量化是国内外设计者和使用者长期追求的目标,而铝合金化是首选方案之一。铝合金具有轻质、比强度高和耐腐蚀等优点,现已经成为高速列车车体的主要材料。铝合金6082和5083是两种在高速列车车体上被广泛应用的材料。MIG焊接质量好且焊接生产率高,是高速列车铝合金材料的主要焊接方法。本文采用MIG单面焊双面成型的方法对轨道客车铝合金车体常用铝合金材料6082和5083进行对接,研究焊接参数对焊缝成型的影响,随焊接电流的增大,铝合金6082和5083焊缝的熔宽和余高都增大;随焊接电压的增大,焊接接头的熔宽增大,余高略微增大;随焊接速度的增大,焊缝的鱼鳞纹越来越稀疏,熔宽和余高都减小;随氩气流量的减小,焊接飞溅增多,焊缝的熔宽和余高的尺寸变化不大,当氩气流量为5L/min时,焊缝成型不良,没有鱼鳞纹。焊接参数对接头的组织和性能的影响,铝合金6082焊缝金属的相组成主要为α-Al+Mg2Si,铝合金5083焊缝金属的相组成主要为α-Al,两种接头的焊缝区为胞状树枝晶,熔合线附近为粗大的柱状晶。随焊接电流的增大,铝合金6082和5083焊接接头的抗拉强度下降,铝合金6082接头的断后伸长率升高,铝合金5083接头的断后伸长率下降;随焊接电压的增大,铝合金6082和5083接头的抗拉强度变化范围很小,断后伸长率成下降趋势;随焊接速度的增大,铝合金6082和5083接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率先增大再减小,HAZ的宽度减小,当焊接速度为50cm/min时,铝合金6082接头的抗拉强度和断后延伸率为210.35MPa和6.01%,当焊接速度为37cm/min时,铝合金5083接头抗拉强度为272.52MP和16.29%;当氩气流量为5L/min时,接头的抗拉强度和断后延伸率显著降低,当氩气流量为10-20L/min时,接头的抗拉强度和断后延伸率保持稳定。铝合金6082接头的断裂位置都在HAZ,断口有大量的韧窝,为典型的韧性断裂。铝合金5083接头的断裂位置都在焊缝熔合区,沿熔合线断裂,断口大量的尺寸均匀的等轴韧窝,韧窝的尺寸要比铝合金6082接头的断口韧窝大而深。铝合金5083接头弯曲性能和拉伸性能比6082接头好。通过X射线检测焊缝的气孔并量化气孔率,得出随绝对湿度的增加,焊缝的气孔率增加。铝合金6082焊缝的气孔的敏感性高于铝合金5083焊缝。随气孔率的增加,6082接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率几乎保持不变,但接头正弯和背弯角度分别减小了74.4%和64.4%,弯曲性能变差。5083接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率降低,接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率降低了4.4%和15.7%,但弯曲性能良好。通过改良的鱼骨状试验方法来评价铝合金焊接的热裂敏感性,得出环境湿度对铝合金焊接的热裂没有影响。铝合金6082和5083焊缝的热裂纹敏感系数分别平均为42.38%和30.39%,铝合金6082焊缝产生结晶裂纹和液化裂纹,铝合金5083焊缝产生结晶裂纹。
[Abstract]:High-speed train lightweight is a long-term goal pursued by designers and users at home and abroad, and aluminization is one of the preferred schemes. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 are two kinds of materials which are widely used in high-speed train body. MIG has good welding quality and high welding productivity. It is the main welding method of aluminum alloy material for high-speed train. In this paper, 6082 and 5083 aluminum alloy materials commonly used in railway passenger car aluminum alloy body are docked by MIG single-side welding double-sided forming method. The influence of welding parameters on weld forming is studied, and the welding current increases with the welding current. The weld width and residual height of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 weld increased with the increase of welding voltage, and the residual height increased slightly with the increase of welding voltage, and with the increase of welding speed, the weld scale grain became more and more sparse, and the weld width and residual height decreased. With the decrease of argon flow rate, the welding spatter increases, and the weld width and residual height change little. When argon flow rate is 5L/min, the weld formation is poor and there is no crow scale. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties of the joints was studied. The phase composition of the weld metal of aluminum alloy 6082 was mainly 伪 -Al Mg2Si, aluminum alloy 5083, and the phase composition of the weld metal of the two kinds of joints was mainly 伪 -Al, and the weld zone of the two kinds of joints was cellular dendrite. Near the fusion line is a coarse columnar crystal. With the increase of welding current, the tensile strength of 6082 and 5083 joints decreases, the elongation of 6082 joints increases, the elongation of 5083 joints decreases, and the welding voltage increases. The range of tensile strength of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 joints is very small, and the elongation of 6082 and 5083 joints increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding speed. When the welding speed is 50cm/min, the tensile strength and elongation of aluminum alloy 6082 joint are 210.35MPa and 6.01, when the welding speed is 37cm/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29, and when ar flow rate is 5L/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29 when the welding speed is 37cm/min. The tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint decreased significantly, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint remained stable when argon flow rate was 10-20L/min. The fracture locations of aluminum alloy 6082 joints have a large number of dimples on the HAZ, fracture surface, which are typical ductile fracture. The fracture positions of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are all located in the weld seam fusion zone. Along the fusion line, there are a large number of uniform equiaxed dimples on the fracture surface. The dimples are larger and deeper than the fracture dimples of the aluminum alloy 6082 joints. The bending and tensile properties of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are better than that of 6082 joints. The porosity of weld increased with the increase of absolute humidity. The porosity sensitivity of aluminum alloy 6082 weld is higher than that of aluminum alloy 5083 weld. With the increase of porosity, the tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint almost remain the same, but the positive bending angle and the back bending angle of the joint decrease by 74.4% and 64.4%, respectively, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint become worse. 5083. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint decreased by 4.4% and 15.7%, but the flexural properties were good. Through the improved fishbone test method to evaluate the hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding, it is concluded that the environmental humidity has no effect on the hot crack of aluminum alloy welding. The average thermal crack sensitivity coefficient of 6082 and 5083 weld is 42.38% and 30.39% respectively. The crystallization crack and liquefaction crack occur in 6082 weld and 5083 weld in aluminum alloy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.64;TG457.14
本文编号：2212820
[Abstract]:High-speed train lightweight is a long-term goal pursued by designers and users at home and abroad, and aluminization is one of the preferred schemes. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 are two kinds of materials which are widely used in high-speed train body. MIG has good welding quality and high welding productivity. It is the main welding method of aluminum alloy material for high-speed train. In this paper, 6082 and 5083 aluminum alloy materials commonly used in railway passenger car aluminum alloy body are docked by MIG single-side welding double-sided forming method. The influence of welding parameters on weld forming is studied, and the welding current increases with the welding current. The weld width and residual height of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 weld increased with the increase of welding voltage, and the residual height increased slightly with the increase of welding voltage, and with the increase of welding speed, the weld scale grain became more and more sparse, and the weld width and residual height decreased. With the decrease of argon flow rate, the welding spatter increases, and the weld width and residual height change little. When argon flow rate is 5L/min, the weld formation is poor and there is no crow scale. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties of the joints was studied. The phase composition of the weld metal of aluminum alloy 6082 was mainly 伪 -Al Mg2Si, aluminum alloy 5083, and the phase composition of the weld metal of the two kinds of joints was mainly 伪 -Al, and the weld zone of the two kinds of joints was cellular dendrite. Near the fusion line is a coarse columnar crystal. With the increase of welding current, the tensile strength of 6082 and 5083 joints decreases, the elongation of 6082 joints increases, the elongation of 5083 joints decreases, and the welding voltage increases. The range of tensile strength of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 joints is very small, and the elongation of 6082 and 5083 joints increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding speed. When the welding speed is 50cm/min, the tensile strength and elongation of aluminum alloy 6082 joint are 210.35MPa and 6.01, when the welding speed is 37cm/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29, and when ar flow rate is 5L/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29 when the welding speed is 37cm/min. The tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint decreased significantly, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint remained stable when argon flow rate was 10-20L/min. The fracture locations of aluminum alloy 6082 joints have a large number of dimples on the HAZ, fracture surface, which are typical ductile fracture. The fracture positions of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are all located in the weld seam fusion zone. Along the fusion line, there are a large number of uniform equiaxed dimples on the fracture surface. The dimples are larger and deeper than the fracture dimples of the aluminum alloy 6082 joints. The bending and tensile properties of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are better than that of 6082 joints. The porosity of weld increased with the increase of absolute humidity. The porosity sensitivity of aluminum alloy 6082 weld is higher than that of aluminum alloy 5083 weld. With the increase of porosity, the tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint almost remain the same, but the positive bending angle and the back bending angle of the joint decrease by 74.4% and 64.4%, respectively, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint become worse. 5083. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint decreased by 4.4% and 15.7%, but the flexural properties were good. Through the improved fishbone test method to evaluate the hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding, it is concluded that the environmental humidity has no effect on the hot crack of aluminum alloy welding. The average thermal crack sensitivity coefficient of 6082 and 5083 weld is 42.38% and 30.39% respectively. The crystallization crack and liquefaction crack occur in 6082 weld and 5083 weld in aluminum alloy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.64;TG457.14
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李小宇;王小朋;雷振;杨海锋;;高速列车6N01侧墙激光复合焊接头软化行为分析[J];焊接学报;2015年06期
2 陈文哲;;材料力学性能测试技术的进展与趋势[J];理化检验(物理分册);2010年02期
3 吴志生;靳鹏飞;高珊;刘翠荣;赵菲;;铝合金焊接接头的软化及改善措施[J];焊接技术;2010年01期
4 王德洪;;德国ICE高速列车的检修现状及其启示[J];石家庄铁路职业技术学院学报;2007年03期
5 吴国栋;李碧波;;法国TGV的发展历史和技术特点[J];国外铁道车辆;2007年01期
6 卫晏华;尹志民;;铁路列车车辆用大型铝合金型材焊丝的选用与生产[J];有色金属加工;2005年04期
7 谢贤良;德国ICE3高速列车进行验收试验[J];中国铁路;2002年02期
8 吴雅舒,王炎金,赵强,吕纯杰;铝合金高速客车加工与焊接技术研究[J];电焊机;1999年02期
9 ＨｅｉｎｚＫｕｒｚ,王广文;德国新一代 ICE 高速列车——ICE3[J];国外铁道车辆;1998年03期
10 刘静安;铁道车辆用大型铝合金挤压型材的开发应用(2)[J];铝加工;1995年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 左跃;铝合金焊接热裂纹敏感性高灵敏度检测技术研究[D];哈尔滨工业大学;2011年
，本文编号：2212820
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/jiagonggongyi/2212820.html
