多能场作用对Pb-0.5%Ag合金电极组织和性能的影响
发布时间：2018-10-13 16:11
【摘要】：电极是湿法冶金行业、电化学工业中非常关键的器件,在电解工业中起着至关重要的作用。开发成本低、活性强,导电好、耐蚀强、无污染的新型电极材料得到较广泛的关注和研究。Pb-Ag合金电极因成本低、电化学性能好、易加工、可回收等优点是电化学领域最广泛使用的电极材料,但该电极的传统制备方法还存在难以克服的诸多问题。针对Pb-Ag合金存在强度低,内阻大,能耗高等缺点,本论文采用超声波细晶技术对凝固过程中的Pb合金进行处理,细均化合金的初始晶粒及组织;利用多能场(物理声场,强塑性力场,温度热场)联合作用进一步细化合金晶粒均化组织,探讨多能场对Pb合金组织结构的影响规律及晶粒尺寸与性能之间的关联。通过观察合金金相,四探针法测量导电性能,电化学工作站测试电化学性能,再对电极进行槽电压测试,对其耐蚀性和节能性进行探讨,研究超声工艺参数(熔体温度、超声频率、超声功率)、超声+冷轧工艺参数(压下率、退火温度)对合金电极材料的微观组织和性能的影响,结果表明:(1)观察合金的显微组织和性能测试分析表明,超声工艺(超声频率、超声功率、熔体温度)中熔体温度对材料晶粒大小和极化电位影响最大,超声功率对电极电阻率影响最大。经超声波+冷轧处理的试样,在同一退火温度下,压下率为40%时,晶粒明显细化,呈细小均匀分布的等轴晶。但随着压下率的继续增大,在物理声场和强塑性力场的综合作用下,再结晶过程在较短时间完成,随着时间的延长,晶粒部分长大。退火处理可有效细化晶粒,随着退火温度的升高,再结晶晶粒尺寸小幅度增大;(2)通过对不同工艺参数制备的合金,结合组织和性能分析可知,显微组织中晶粒尺寸适中,组织均匀致密,可以降低电阻率,提高电化学性能,极化电位降低,耐蚀性提高,达到节能降耗的目的。超声波最佳工艺下制备的铅合金阳极电阻率为2.2495×10-6Ω.m,极化电位2.2895V,槽电压为3.2198V,自腐蚀电流1.255×10-4A/cm2。通过超声波+冷轧进一步细化均匀化晶粒电阻率可降至1.6934×10-6Ω! m,降低15.83%,导电性能提升;极化电位为2.2000V,负移89.5mV,降低4.1%,槽电压降为3.1083V,降低3.46%,催化活性提升,能耗降低;自腐蚀电流为1.083×10-4A/cm2,降低13.7%,耐蚀性能明显提升,阳极寿命延长。(3)研究超声频率、超声功率和熔体温度对Pb-0.5%Ag合金阳极材料组织和性能(导电性能、电化学性能、耐腐蚀性能)的影响,综合性能分析最终优化出超声处理的最佳工艺参数为超声频率30kHz、超声功率220W、熔体温度370℃C;超声波+冷轧法在超声频率30kHz、超声功率220W、熔体温度370℃下处理1min后,退火温度120℃,退火时间30min,压下率40%,可获得多能场综合作用下制备Pb-0.5%Ag合金阳极的最优工艺。
[Abstract]:Electrode is a key device in hydrometallurgy industry and plays an important role in electrolysis industry. The new electrode materials with low cost, high activity, good conductivity, strong corrosion resistance and no pollution have been paid more attention and studied. The Pb-Ag alloy electrode is easy to process because of its low cost, good electrochemical performance and easy processing. Recoverability is the most widely used electrode material in the field of electrochemistry, but there are still many problems in the traditional preparation of the electrode. Aiming at the disadvantages of low strength, large internal resistance and high energy consumption in Pb-Ag alloy, the ultrasonic fine crystal technique is used to treat the Pb alloy during solidification, the initial grain and microstructure of the alloy are finely homogenized, and the multi-energy field (physical sound field, and so on) is used. The effect of the strong plastic force field and the temperature and thermal field on the grain homogenization of the Pb alloy was studied. The effect of the multi-energy field on the microstructure of the Pb alloy and the correlation between the grain size and the properties of the alloy were discussed. By observing the metallography of the alloy, measuring the electrical conductivity by four-probe method, testing the electrochemical performance by electrochemical workstation, and then measuring the voltage of the electrode, the corrosion resistance and energy saving of the electrode are discussed, and the ultrasonic process parameters (melt temperature, melt temperature) are studied. The effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power) and ultrasonic cold rolling parameters (reduction rate, annealing temperature) on the microstructure and properties of the alloy electrode materials are discussed. The results show that: (1) the microstructure and properties of the alloy are measured and analyzed. In ultrasonic process (ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, melt temperature), melt temperature has the greatest influence on grain size and polarization potential, and ultrasonic power has the greatest influence on electrode resistivity. At the same annealing temperature, the sample treated by ultrasonic cold rolling has fine grain size and uniform distribution of fine equiaxed grains when the reduction rate is 40%. However, with the increasing of the reduction rate, the recrystallization process is completed in a short time under the combined action of the physical sound field and the strong plastic force field, and the grain grows partly with the prolongation of the time. Annealing treatment can refine the grain effectively, and the recrystallization grain size increases slightly with the increase of annealing temperature. (2) by analyzing the microstructure and properties of the alloy prepared with different process parameters, it can be seen that the grain size in the microstructure is moderate. The uniform and dense microstructure can reduce the resistivity, improve the electrochemical performance, decrease the polarization potential and improve the corrosion resistance, thus achieving the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption. The anode resistivity is 2.2495 脳 10 ~ (-6) 惟 路m, the polarization potential is 2.2895 V, the cell voltage is 3.2198 V, and the corrosion current is 1.255 脳 10 ~ (-4) A / m ~ (2). The resistivity of homogenized grain can be reduced to 1.6934 脳 10 ~ (-6) 惟 ~ (-1) by ultrasonic cold rolling, and the electrical conductivity can be improved by reducing 15.83 惟 路m, polarization potential is 2.2000V, negative shift is 89.5mV, decrease of 4.1%, cell voltage to 3.1083 V, reduction of 3.46%, catalytic activity is improved, energy consumption is reduced. When the corrosion current is 1.083 脳 10 ~ (-4) A / cm ~ (2), the corrosion resistance is improved and the anode life is prolonged. (3) the effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power and melt temperature on the microstructure and properties (conductivity, electrochemical performance, corrosion resistance) of Pb-0.5%Ag alloy anode are studied. The optimum processing parameters of ultrasonic treatment were as follows: ultrasonic frequency 30kHz, ultrasonic power 220W, melt temperature 370C, ultrasonic cold rolling at 30kHz, ultrasonic power 220W, melt temperature 120 鈩，
本文编号：2269214
[Abstract]:Electrode is a key device in hydrometallurgy industry and plays an important role in electrolysis industry. The new electrode materials with low cost, high activity, good conductivity, strong corrosion resistance and no pollution have been paid more attention and studied. The Pb-Ag alloy electrode is easy to process because of its low cost, good electrochemical performance and easy processing. Recoverability is the most widely used electrode material in the field of electrochemistry, but there are still many problems in the traditional preparation of the electrode. Aiming at the disadvantages of low strength, large internal resistance and high energy consumption in Pb-Ag alloy, the ultrasonic fine crystal technique is used to treat the Pb alloy during solidification, the initial grain and microstructure of the alloy are finely homogenized, and the multi-energy field (physical sound field, and so on) is used. The effect of the strong plastic force field and the temperature and thermal field on the grain homogenization of the Pb alloy was studied. The effect of the multi-energy field on the microstructure of the Pb alloy and the correlation between the grain size and the properties of the alloy were discussed. By observing the metallography of the alloy, measuring the electrical conductivity by four-probe method, testing the electrochemical performance by electrochemical workstation, and then measuring the voltage of the electrode, the corrosion resistance and energy saving of the electrode are discussed, and the ultrasonic process parameters (melt temperature, melt temperature) are studied. The effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power) and ultrasonic cold rolling parameters (reduction rate, annealing temperature) on the microstructure and properties of the alloy electrode materials are discussed. The results show that: (1) the microstructure and properties of the alloy are measured and analyzed. In ultrasonic process (ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, melt temperature), melt temperature has the greatest influence on grain size and polarization potential, and ultrasonic power has the greatest influence on electrode resistivity. At the same annealing temperature, the sample treated by ultrasonic cold rolling has fine grain size and uniform distribution of fine equiaxed grains when the reduction rate is 40%. However, with the increasing of the reduction rate, the recrystallization process is completed in a short time under the combined action of the physical sound field and the strong plastic force field, and the grain grows partly with the prolongation of the time. Annealing treatment can refine the grain effectively, and the recrystallization grain size increases slightly with the increase of annealing temperature. (2) by analyzing the microstructure and properties of the alloy prepared with different process parameters, it can be seen that the grain size in the microstructure is moderate. The uniform and dense microstructure can reduce the resistivity, improve the electrochemical performance, decrease the polarization potential and improve the corrosion resistance, thus achieving the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption. The anode resistivity is 2.2495 脳 10 ~ (-6) 惟 路m, the polarization potential is 2.2895 V, the cell voltage is 3.2198 V, and the corrosion current is 1.255 脳 10 ~ (-4) A / m ~ (2). The resistivity of homogenized grain can be reduced to 1.6934 脳 10 ~ (-6) 惟 ~ (-1) by ultrasonic cold rolling, and the electrical conductivity can be improved by reducing 15.83 惟 路m, polarization potential is 2.2000V, negative shift is 89.5mV, decrease of 4.1%, cell voltage to 3.1083 V, reduction of 3.46%, catalytic activity is improved, energy consumption is reduced. When the corrosion current is 1.083 脳 10 ~ (-4) A / cm ~ (2), the corrosion resistance is improved and the anode life is prolonged. (3) the effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power and melt temperature on the microstructure and properties (conductivity, electrochemical performance, corrosion resistance) of Pb-0.5%Ag alloy anode are studied. The optimum processing parameters of ultrasonic treatment were as follows: ultrasonic frequency 30kHz, ultrasonic power 220W, melt temperature 370C, ultrasonic cold rolling at 30kHz, ultrasonic power 220W, melt temperature 120 鈩，
本文编号：2269214
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