高温合金脉冲激光环切打孔及打孔成形质量研究
发布时间：2018-10-16 11:51
【摘要】：激光打孔技术具有质量高、柔性好,效率高、应用广的特性,在实际工业化生产应用中,具有广阔的应用前景与较高的研究价值。本文采用单因素法对高温合金脉冲激光冲击和环切打孔技术进行了系统的理论分析和实验研究。阐述了激光打孔的分类和激光环切打孔的基本原理。基于传热学基本理论,通过有限元软件建立在高温合金材料上进行激光冲击打孔和环切打孔的温度场模型,采用APDL编程语言对冲击打孔和环切打孔过程的数值仿真进行程序编写,并分别得到了冲击打孔和环切打孔时随脉冲个数变化的孔廓图和温度场分布图,且求解出了冲击打孔和环切打孔时不同脉冲个数作用下的孔深和不同脉冲能量下的上孔径。在进行数值仿真后,比较冲击打孔和环切打孔过程中温度、孔深以及孔径的变化。结果表明:冲击孔和环切孔的深度都随着脉冲个数的增加而上升,冲击孔和环切孔的上孔径都随着脉冲能量的增加而增加,这与打孔实验结果一致。使用DMG数控精密激光加工中心的设备在高温合金GH4037上分别进行激光冲击打孔实验和激光环切打孔实验,系统地研究了脉冲能量、重复频率、脉冲宽度、辅助气体压力对激光冲击打孔质量的影响以及环切圈数、重复频率、辅助气体压力、脉冲宽度、脉冲能量、环切速度对激光环切打孔质量的影响。实验中评定质量的指标包括:微孔表面形貌、孔径尺寸、孔形、锥度和圆度等。冲击打孔实验得出的结论表明:激光脉冲能量对冲击孔孔径和孔圆度影响最显著,当脉冲能量为1J,重复频率为70Hz,脉冲宽度0.3ms,辅助气体压力0.4MPa时冲击打孔的质量较好。孔的入口圆度比孔的出口圆度好。环切打孔实验结果表明:环切圈数和环切速度对孔径的影响不大,适当的环切圈数、较小的环切速度使得微孔的表面质量比较好。当脉冲能量为1J,重复频率为50Hz~70Hz,脉冲宽度0.3ms,辅助气体压力0.4MPa时环切打孔的质量比较好。与冲击打孔规律一致:脉冲能量对微孔孔径和孔圆度影响最显著,孔的入口圆度优于孔的出口圆度。最后进行激光环切斜孔的实验,将环切打孔和斜孔的加工结合起来,验证在倾斜面上加工孔的可行性。
[Abstract]:Laser drilling technology has the characteristics of high quality, good flexibility, high efficiency and wide application. It has broad application prospect and high research value in practical industrial production. In this paper, single factor method is used for theoretical analysis and experimental study of pulsed laser impact and annular drilling of superalloy. The classification of laser drilling and the basic principle of laser ring drilling are described. Based on the basic theory of heat transfer, the temperature field model of laser impact drilling and ring cutting drilling on superalloy materials was established by finite element software. The APDL programming language is used to program the numerical simulation of impact drilling and annular drilling, and the hole profiles and temperature field distributions with the number of pulses are obtained, respectively. The hole depth under the action of different pulse number and the upper aperture under different pulse energy are obtained. After numerical simulation, the changes of temperature, hole depth and pore diameter during impact drilling and annular drilling were compared. The results show that the depth of impact hole and annular hole increase with the increase of pulse number, and the upper aperture of impact hole and annular hole increase with the increase of pulse energy, which is consistent with the experimental results. Using the equipment of DMG NC precision laser machining center, the laser shock drilling experiment and laser ring cutting experiment were carried out on superalloy GH4037. The pulse energy, repetition rate and pulse width were studied systematically. The influence of auxiliary gas pressure on the quality of laser impact drilling and the influence of ring tangent ring number, repetition rate, auxiliary gas pressure, pulse width, pulse energy and ring cutting speed on the quality of laser ring cut hole. The indexes of quality evaluation include: surface morphology, pore size, pore shape, taper and roundness. The results of the impact drilling experiment show that the laser pulse energy has the most significant effect on the aperture and roundness of the impact hole. When the pulse energy is 1 J, the repetition rate is 70 Hz, the pulse width is 0.3 Ms and the auxiliary gas pressure is 0.4MPa, the quality of the impact drilling is better. The roundness of the inlet of the hole is better than the roundness of the outlet of the hole. The experimental results show that the ring tangent ring number and the ring cutting speed have little effect on the aperture. The surface quality of the microhole is better because of the proper ring cutting circle number and the smaller ring cutting speed. When the pulse energy is 1J, the repetition rate is 50Hz, the pulse width is 0.3msand the auxiliary gas pressure is 0.4MPa, the quality of annular perforation is better. The effect of pulse energy on pore diameter and pore roundness is the most significant, and the roundness of the inlet of the hole is better than that of the outlet of the hole. Finally, the experiment of laser annular slant hole cutting is carried out, and the feasibility of drilling hole on inclined plane is verified by combining the annular hole cutting with the oblique hole machining.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG132.3;TG665
[Abstract]:Laser drilling technology has the characteristics of high quality, good flexibility, high efficiency and wide application. It has broad application prospect and high research value in practical industrial production. In this paper, single factor method is used for theoretical analysis and experimental study of pulsed laser impact and annular drilling of superalloy. The classification of laser drilling and the basic principle of laser ring drilling are described. Based on the basic theory of heat transfer, the temperature field model of laser impact drilling and ring cutting drilling on superalloy materials was established by finite element software. The APDL programming language is used to program the numerical simulation of impact drilling and annular drilling, and the hole profiles and temperature field distributions with the number of pulses are obtained, respectively. The hole depth under the action of different pulse number and the upper aperture under different pulse energy are obtained. After numerical simulation, the changes of temperature, hole depth and pore diameter during impact drilling and annular drilling were compared. The results show that the depth of impact hole and annular hole increase with the increase of pulse number, and the upper aperture of impact hole and annular hole increase with the increase of pulse energy, which is consistent with the experimental results. Using the equipment of DMG NC precision laser machining center, the laser shock drilling experiment and laser ring cutting experiment were carried out on superalloy GH4037. The pulse energy, repetition rate and pulse width were studied systematically. The influence of auxiliary gas pressure on the quality of laser impact drilling and the influence of ring tangent ring number, repetition rate, auxiliary gas pressure, pulse width, pulse energy and ring cutting speed on the quality of laser ring cut hole. The indexes of quality evaluation include: surface morphology, pore size, pore shape, taper and roundness. The results of the impact drilling experiment show that the laser pulse energy has the most significant effect on the aperture and roundness of the impact hole. When the pulse energy is 1 J, the repetition rate is 70 Hz, the pulse width is 0.3 Ms and the auxiliary gas pressure is 0.4MPa, the quality of the impact drilling is better. The roundness of the inlet of the hole is better than the roundness of the outlet of the hole. The experimental results show that the ring tangent ring number and the ring cutting speed have little effect on the aperture. The surface quality of the microhole is better because of the proper ring cutting circle number and the smaller ring cutting speed. When the pulse energy is 1J, the repetition rate is 50Hz, the pulse width is 0.3msand the auxiliary gas pressure is 0.4MPa, the quality of annular perforation is better. The effect of pulse energy on pore diameter and pore roundness is the most significant, and the roundness of the inlet of the hole is better than that of the outlet of the hole. Finally, the experiment of laser annular slant hole cutting is carried out, and the feasibility of drilling hole on inclined plane is verified by combining the annular hole cutting with the oblique hole machining.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG132.3;TG665
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本文编号：2274271
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