窄间隙立焊焊缝成形及传感特性分析

发布时间：2018-11-10 09:51

【摘要】：近年来,随着工业装备的日趋大型化以及大型构件中厚钢板的广泛应用,厚板焊接的应用越来越普遍。由于窄间隙焊接在厚板焊接中具有效率高、成本低及变形小等优点,因此其应用也日益增加。窄间隙立焊作为窄间隙焊接的一个重要组成部分。在立焊过程中,当工艺参数选择不当时,容易出现焊缝成形质量差的问题。对焊接传感信号进行传感特性分析是进行焊缝偏差提取和实现焊缝跟踪的重要前期准备。本文以窄间隙立焊为研究对象,主要研究了焊接工艺参数对表面成形的影响以及采集到的焊接传感信号的传感特性。首先,为了获得质量较好的窄间隙立焊焊缝,本文研究了窄间隙立焊过程中,送丝速度、摆动速度、焊接速度、侧壁停留时间、焊枪角度等工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响。研究结果表明,焊接工艺参数的改变会对表面成形产生影响并分析了产生影响的原因,同时分析了立向下焊时坡口出现侧壁未熔合和坡口两侧直角区域未熔合现象的原因并提出了解决方法。其次,在分析焊接传感信号的电弧传感特性的基础上可知,若想实现焊缝跟踪控制,必须从焊接传感信号中提取出可以准确反映焊炬高度变化的特征信号。本文在研究焊接传感信号的电弧传感特性的基础上,提取出反映焊炬高度变化的基值均值电流信号作为特征信号。最后,由于在实际焊接过程中会受到各种各样因素的干扰,导致采集的焊接电弧信号受到严重的干扰。为了获取准确的焊缝偏差信息,必须进行信号的滤波处理以改善其品质。本文针对这个问题提出了一种组合滤波方法对基值均值电流信号进行滤波处理,并在MATLAB中进行了仿真。而且通过实验验证了该滤波方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing size of industrial equipment and the wide application of medium and thick steel plate of large components, the application of thick plate welding is becoming more and more common. Because narrow gap welding has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and low deformation in thick plate welding, its application is increasing day by day. Narrow gap vertical welding is an important part of narrow gap welding. In the process of vertical welding, the quality of welding seam is poor when the process parameters are not chosen at the same time. The analysis of the sensing characteristics of welding sensing signals is an important preliminary preparation for the extraction of welding seam deviation and the realization of weld seam tracking. In this paper, narrow gap vertical welding is taken as the research object. The influence of welding process parameters on the surface forming and the sensing characteristics of the collected welding sensing signals are studied. Firstly, in order to obtain a good quality narrow gap vertical welding seam, the influence of wire feeding speed, swing speed, welding speed, side wall residence time and welding torch angle on the weld formation during the narrow gap vertical welding is studied in this paper. The results show that the change of welding process parameters will affect the surface forming and analyze the causes of the influence. At the same time, the causes of the non-fusion of the side wall and the right angle region of the two sides of the groove during vertical downward welding are analyzed and the solutions are put forward. Secondly, based on the analysis of the arc sensing characteristics of the welding sensing signal, if we want to realize the welding seam tracking control, we must extract the characteristic signal from the welding sensing signal that can accurately reflect the welding torch height change. Based on the study of the arc sensing characteristics of welding sensing signals, the basic mean current signals reflecting the variation of welding torch height are extracted as characteristic signals in this paper. Finally, because of the interference of various factors in the actual welding process, the collected welding arc signal is seriously disturbed. In order to obtain accurate weld deviation information, the signal must be filtered to improve its quality. In order to solve this problem, a combined filtering method is proposed to filter the base mean current signal, and the simulation is carried out in MATLAB. The feasibility of the filtering method is verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG409

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