中性除锈剂的开发与应用

发布时间：2018-11-13 17:40

【摘要】：传统金属除锈剂一般以几种强酸复配而成,这类除锈剂具有除锈速度快、成本低、除锈彻底的优点,因此受到使用者的青睐。然而,强酸腐蚀性强,属于国家严控的危化品。此外,这类除锈剂在除锈过程中存在金属过腐蚀、氢脆、污染环境及除锈后金属易返锈等诸多问题。为彻底解决强酸除锈剂存在的问题,开发安全环保的中性除锈剂具有重要意义。本文采用单因素实验以及复配方法制备了一种中性(或弱酸性)除锈剂,并对其性能进行了分析测试。探究了温度对该环除锈剂除锈速率的影响,发现随着温度的不断升高,除锈速率不断增大。用该除锈剂除锈蚀等级为C级的Q235碳素钢,常温25℃下,除锈速率达到1.54×102g·h-1·m-2, 23min即可彻底除锈;升高温度到80℃时,除锈速率达到4.73×102 g·h-1·m-2, -lOmin即可彻底除锈。经过实验对比,发现该除锈剂常温下与市售产品效果相当,升高温度后,除锈效果明显高于市售产品。此外,还研究了超声波强化作用对除锈剂除锈效果的影响,发现常温下超声波的加入对除锈速率无明显影响,升高温度后,随着超声波功率的增大,除锈速率明显提高,80℃下,超声功率为100%时除锈速率可达到9. 85×102 g·h-1·m-2,除锈速度和效果与盐酸的相当,5min内即可除锈完全。采用SEM表征了该环保型除锈剂的防锈效果,发现除锈后的Q235碳钢表面形成一层薄膜,起到了防锈的作用,常温下室内放置一个月未发生返锈。利用电化学工作站测定了除锈过程的Tafel曲线,从电化学角度对除锈剂的除锈效果进行了评价。经过对比,发现该除锈剂对金属氧化物的溶解能力比市售某产品要强,有利于钢板表面锈蚀物的脱落。该型除锈剂的pH值接近中性,对设备产生腐蚀较小,同时具有较好的除锈效果和安全性,并且具防锈和钝化作用,且除锈后的金属不易返锈等优点,是新一代的环保型多功能除锈剂。
[Abstract]:The traditional metal rust remover is usually composed of several strong acids, which have the advantages of fast rust removal, low cost and thorough rust removal, so they are favored by the users. However, strong acid corrosive, belong to the state strictly controlled dangerous chemicals. In addition, there are many problems such as over corrosion of metal, hydrogen embrittlement, pollution of environment and easy return of rust after rust removal of this kind of rust remover. In order to solve the problem of strong acid rust removing agent thoroughly, it is of great significance to develop the neutral rust removing agent which is safe and environmental friendly. In this paper, a neutral (or weak acid) derusting agent was prepared by single factor experiment and compounding method, and its properties were analyzed and tested. The effect of temperature on the rust removal rate of the ring was investigated. It was found that the rust removal rate increased with the increasing of temperature. The rust removal rate of Q235 carbon steel with C grade is 1.54 脳 10 ~ 2 g 路h ~ (-2) m ~ (-2) at room temperature 25 鈩，

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