钛合金板材及管件电磁成形技术的研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 09:57

【摘要】：电磁成形属于高能率成形技术领域,是金属工件受瞬间脉冲磁场力产生形变的一种高速成形方式。它能够直接或间接得完成工件的成形、校形、精压等加工,并且与传统压力加工相比,具有加工成本低、对环境无污染、成形精度高、回弹小、提高局部变形能力、重复性好、不影响材料性能等优点,适用于航空铝、镁、钛等难成形材料,对提高航空制造水平具有重要科学意义和应用价值。本文通过总结一般金属的电磁成形规律,并运用电磁学理论知识,推导出了管件成形用螺线管线圈及板材成形用平面螺旋线圈的感应磁场强度矢量表达式。根据成形原理,制定了钛合金TC1焊接管件端口电磁校圆以及TC4钛合金板材圆孔电磁翻边实验工艺。设计了实验方案,并自主研发了相关的试验设备。实验结果表明:采用电磁成形技术对TC1钛合金焊接管进行校圆加工,可在室温下提高钛合金材料的成形极限,同时有效控制回弹;能完全取代人工打压千斤顶进行校圆的方式,大大缩减了人力强度、提高了生产效率与精度;室温下采用带驱动片的电磁辅助冲压成形工艺对TC4板材进行圆孔翻边,能够完全避免翻边圆孔椭圆化、突缘平面翘曲等缺陷,并且设备及模具简单、安全可控、成形效率高。根据实验数据,本文获得了电磁成形时钛合金毛坯件的变形规律:在被加工工件未至贴模状态或达到成形极限前,设备的放电电压是主导工件变形效果的主要影响参数。随成形放电电压的增大,其变形尺寸也逐渐变大,且每种特定材料、尺寸的工件自身都具有其最佳电磁成形放电电压值。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic forming belongs to the field of high energy rate forming technology. It is a high speed forming method for metal workpiece which is deformed by instantaneous pulse magnetic field force. Compared with the traditional pressure machining, it has the advantages of low cost, no pollution to the environment, high forming precision, small springback, high local deformation ability and good repeatability. It is suitable for aeronautical aluminum, magnesium, titanium and other difficult forming materials, which has important scientific significance and application value to improve aviation manufacturing level. In this paper, the induction magnetic field intensity vector expressions of solenoid coils for tube forming and planar helical coils for sheet metal forming are derived by summarizing the electromagnetic forming laws of general metals and using the theory of electromagnetism. According to the forming principle, the experimental technology of electromagnetic flanging of TC1 welded pipe end and round hole of TC4 titanium alloy sheet was established. The experimental scheme is designed, and the related test equipment is developed independently. The experimental results show that the forming limit of titanium alloy material can be improved at room temperature and the springback can be effectively controlled by using electromagnetic forming technology to calibrate the welded pipe of TC1 titanium alloy. It can completely replace the manual pressure Jack to adjust the circle, greatly reduces the manpower strength, and improves the production efficiency and precision. At room temperature, the TC4 sheet is flanged by electromagnetic assisted forming with driving plates, which can completely avoid the defects such as ellipse of the flanging hole and plane warpage of the flanging edge. The equipment and die are simple, safe and controllable, and the forming efficiency is high. According to the experimental data, the deformation law of titanium alloy blank during electromagnetic forming is obtained: the discharge voltage of the equipment is the main parameter that affects the deformation effect of the workpiece before the die state or forming limit is reached. With the increase of the discharge voltage, the deformation size of the workpiece becomes larger, and each kind of material and the workpiece has its own optimal electromagnetic discharge voltage.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG391

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