双摆角数控万能铣头静动态特性分析

发布时间：2018-12-19 13:05

【摘要】：数控机床作为现代制造业的主流加工设备,具有广阔的应用前景,而双摆角数控万能铣头作为五轴联动数控机床的核心部件,其结构和性能在很大程度上决定了整台机床的性能。本文采用理论、仿真和试验相结合的方法对双摆角数控万能铣头的静动态特性进行了分析。首先,分析了双摆角铣头的总体布局、工作原理、温度控制和误差来源,基于多体运动学理论建立了双摆角铣头几何运动误差模型,并通过计算得到了双摆角铣头几何运动误差在基坐标下的误差分量,根据误差模型分析了A轴摆动对铣头几何误差的影响。其次,建立了双摆角铣头的有限元模型,把简化模型时省掉的零件以质量点的形式添加到模型中,保证了有限元模型的正确性。考虑双摆角铣头的3种工况与真实受力情况,分两步对双摆角铣头进行静力学分析,得到了双摆角铣头在切削力作用下的最大变形和最大应力,并通过计算得到了铣头的静刚度。然后,在静力学分析的基础上对双摆角铣头进行了模态分析和谐响应分析,分别得到了三种工况下铣头的前6阶固有频率、振型以及铣头刀座中心的位移响应曲线,并通过计算得到了铣头的最小动刚度。最后,进行了双摆角铣头静态试验,为满足施载的需要,设计了一种机床检测专用施力机构。提出了一种铣头静态试验的方法,并通过试验得到了铣头在受到不同载荷时的实际变形,为双摆角铣头的设计及优化提供有效的技术支持。
[Abstract]:As the mainstream machining equipment in modern manufacturing industry, NC machine tool has a broad application prospect, while double pendulum angle NC universal milling head is the core component of five-axis NC machine tool. Its structure and performance largely determine the performance of the whole machine tool. In this paper, the static and dynamic characteristics of double pendulum angle NC universal milling head are analyzed by combining theory, simulation and experiment. Firstly, the general layout, working principle, temperature control and error source of double pendulum angle milling head are analyzed. Based on the theory of multi-body kinematics, the geometric motion error model of double pendulum angle milling head is established. The error component of the geometric motion error of the double pendulum milling head in the base coordinates is obtained. The influence of the A-axis swing on the geometric error of the milling head is analyzed according to the error model. Secondly, the finite element model of double pendulum milling head is established, and the parts saved from the simplified model are added to the model in the form of mass points to ensure the correctness of the finite element model. Considering the three working conditions and the real force of the double pendulum angle milling head, the static analysis of the double pendulum angle milling head is carried out in two steps, and the maximum deformation and the maximum stress of the double pendulum angle milling head under the action of cutting force are obtained. The static stiffness of the milling head is calculated. Then, on the basis of static analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of double pendulum milling head are carried out, and the first 6 natural frequencies, vibration modes and displacement response curves of cutter base center of milling head under three conditions are obtained, respectively. The minimum dynamic stiffness of the milling head is obtained by calculation. Finally, the static test of double pendulum milling head is carried out. In order to meet the need of loading, a special force application mechanism for machine tool testing is designed. A static test method of milling head is presented, and the actual deformation of milling head under different loads is obtained, which provides an effective technical support for the design and optimization of double pendulum milling head.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG659

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