金属堆焊快速成型路径规划与算法研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 11:22

【摘要】：3D打印(3D Printing)是制造技术和信息技术相结合的快速成型技术。金属快速成型是3D打印技术中最具有发展和应用潜力的技术,已引起国内外专家学者的广泛关注[1]。相比于国内外通常采用的激光、电子束等高能量密度的金属快速成型加工设备,金属堆焊快速成型加工的成型件致密度高,组织结构具有良好的各向同性,在模具和快速制造领域具有很大的应用前景。为了高效加工出更高要求的回转类,圆弧及其复杂的曲面类零件,结合本课题开发的基于极坐标的金属堆焊快速成型设备的特点和工艺需求,通过理论分析与实验研究,提出了合理有效的金属堆焊快速成型的路径规划算法,以下为论文重点开展的工作:本文首先介绍了快速成型技术及其国内外的研究现状,重点分析了数据处理技术的研究现状,结合现有的基于极坐标模式下的金属堆焊成型平台特点与工艺需求,对快速成型的数据处理软件系统进行了结构和功能模块设计。其次,实现了STL数据的处理,结合OpenGL技术,实现了加工模型的三维在线显示、缩放、旋转等功能。并根据三维显示模型轮廓曲率的变化特点,提出模型的自适应分层切片算法,通过分析分层截面三角面片的法矢量值得出合理的分层加工厚度,有助于提高加工效率和加工精度。通过优化分层面片的提取算法,实现了模型的快速分层,节省了数据存储的空间。通过分析极坐标模式下堆焊快速成型焊接质量缺陷,针对焊接过程中产生的焊接表面不平整、咬边等焊接质量缺陷,由分层提取的轮廓数据,结合现有的焊接设备特点,设计出适合极坐标模式下的堆焊成型路径堆积轨迹。对于薄壁零件采用基于轮廓的偏置扫描算法。对于非薄壁复杂曲面零件,结合极坐标设备加工特点,提出了分区域的圆弧连续性扫描算法。在开发环境下实现了路径轨迹的显示与路径轨迹数据的提取。最后,运用基于Delphi7.0的面向对象集成开发环境,实现了数据处理开发软件模型的数据提取、三维模型的显示、分层数据处理,轨迹规划等功能。最后,通过对系统的设定调试,在PT运动模式下开展了实验,通过实验,获得了合理的焊接参数,以及焊缝搭接量。并以此为基础,进行了路径规划堆焊实验,获得良好焊接质量零件模型,验证了提出的成型轨迹的合理性。
[Abstract]:3D Printing is a rapid prototyping technology which combines manufacturing technology with information technology. Rapid prototyping of metals is the most promising technology in 3D printing technology, which has attracted wide attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad [1]. Compared with the high energy density metal rapid prototyping equipments, such as laser, electron beam and so on, metal hardfacing rapid prototyping has high density and good isotropy. It has great application prospect in the field of mould and rapid manufacturing. In order to produce more demanding parts of rotary type, circular arc and its complex curved surface, combining with the characteristics and technological requirements of the metal surfacing welding rapid prototyping equipment based on polar coordinates developed in this paper, the theoretical analysis and experimental study are carried out. A reasonable and effective path planning algorithm for rapid prototyping of metal surfacing is proposed. The following is the main work of this paper: firstly, the rapid prototyping technology and its research status at home and abroad are introduced. The research status of data processing technology is analyzed emphatically. According to the characteristics and process requirements of metal surfacing forming platform based on polar coordinate mode, the structure and function modules of data processing software system for rapid prototyping are designed. Secondly, the processing of STL data is realized, and the functions of 3D online display, zoom and rotation of machining model are realized with OpenGL technology. According to the characteristic of 3D displaying the contour curvature of the model, the adaptive slicing algorithm of the model is proposed. The normal vector of the delamination section is worth the reasonable delamination thickness by analyzing the normal vector of the delamination section. It is helpful to improve machining efficiency and precision. The fast delamination of the model is realized by optimizing the extraction algorithm of the delamination surface, and the data storage space is saved. By analyzing the welding quality defects of rapid prototyping in polar coordinate mode, aiming at the welding quality defects such as uneven surface and edge cutting produced during welding, the contour data extracted by layers is combined with the characteristics of existing welding equipment. The stacking path of surfacing welding is designed for polar coordinate mode. The contour-based offset scanning algorithm is used for thin-walled parts. According to the machining characteristics of polar coordinate equipment, a continuous arc scanning algorithm is proposed for non-thin-walled complex curved surface parts. The display of path trajectory and the extraction of path track data are realized in the development environment. Finally, the functions of data extraction, display of 3D model, hierarchical data processing, trajectory planning and so on are realized by using the object-oriented integrated development environment based on Delphi7.0. Finally, by setting up and debugging the system, the experiments are carried out in PT mode, and the reasonable welding parameters and the weld lap amount are obtained. On this basis, path planning surfacing experiments are carried out to obtain a good welding quality part model, which verifies the rationality of the proposed trajectory.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG455

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