钒基固溶体贮氢合金的研究进展

发布时间：2019-03-18 20:25

【摘要】：基于目前钒基固溶体贮氢合金研究现状,介绍了钒氢反应原理,对钒基贮氢合金理论计算、合金制备及性能改善等方面的研究进行了总结,并对合金成本等问题进行了讨论。钒基体心立方结构固溶体贮氢合金具有高容量、氢化反应条件温和、抗粉化性能好,动力学性能优越等特点。尤其作为燃料电池用贮氢罐的候选材料,具有很好的开发应用前景。钒从吸氢至完全饱和的整个过程,结构在发生变化:BCC(α)→BCT(β)→FCC(γ)。利用材料计算方法对合金热力学、晶格参数、电子原子比等方面进行理论计算,能够为实验研究提供理论指导。通过一种或多种元素添加或替代和热处理能够显著改善钒基固溶体贮氢合金的贮氢性能,但在高吸氢容量的前提下保证合金能够在适中条件下释放大部分氢仍是该系合金开发的关键之一。高纯钒价格昂贵,在不显著减小最大容量的基础上有效降低钒基贮氢合金的成本是该合金研究的另外一个关键点。
[Abstract]:Based on the present research status of vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys, the principle of vanadium-hydrogen reaction is introduced. The theoretical calculation, preparation and improvement of properties of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys are summarized, and the cost of alloys is discussed. Vanadium-based solid-solution hydrogen storage alloys with core-cubic structure have the characteristics of high capacity, mild hydrogenation reaction conditions, good powdering resistance and excellent kinetic properties. Especially, as a candidate material of hydrogen storage tank for fuel cell, it has a good prospect of development and application. During the whole process from hydrogen absorption to complete saturation, the structure of vanadium varies from: BCC (伪) to BCT (尾) FCC (纬). The theoretical calculation of thermodynamics, lattice parameters and electron-atom ratio of alloys by means of material calculation method can provide theoretical guidance for experimental research. The hydrogen storage properties of vanadium-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys can be significantly improved by adding or replacing one or more elements and heat treatment. However, ensuring that the alloy can release most of the hydrogen under moderate conditions under the premise of high hydrogen absorption capacity is still one of the keys to the development of the alloy. It is another key point in the research of high purity vanadium alloy to reduce the cost of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy effectively on the basis of not significantly reducing the maximum capacity of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy.
【作者单位】：东北大学冶金学院;内蒙古科技大学分析测试中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51274060) 内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2014MS0529) 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N150204019) 内蒙古科技大学创新基金项目(2014QDL048)资助
【分类号】：TG139.7

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