高氮钢激光-电弧复合焊接气孔控制方法研究

发布时间：2019-04-11 09:50

【摘要】：为了掌握高氮钢复合焊接气孔控制的有效方法,研究电弧能量、激光能量和振动频率对焊缝气孔的影响。从气孔率方面分析焊缝气孔的产生原因,并从电流和电压波形及熔滴过渡方面分析其对焊接过程稳定性的影响。熔池流动与焊缝气孔具有一定的关联性,并从熔池流动状态方面分析其对气孔的影响。激光匙孔的形成需要一定的阈值能量,匙孔穿透状态对气孔率有直接影响,依据激光匙孔底部受力情况,分析匙孔状态对焊缝气孔率的影响。结果表明:气孔率随电弧能量或激光能量的增加而呈先升后降的变化趋势,电弧能量4 800 J(I=200 A,U=24 V)时,气孔率最低,仅为0.49%;而激光功率为2.8 k W时,气孔率降为最低,仅为0.14%;施加振动后焊缝气孔率均明显减小,气孔率随着振动频率的增加而先降后升。适当的电弧能量或激光能量可有效抑制焊缝内气孔数量,振动频率为35 Hz时抑制气孔效果最好。
[Abstract]:The effects of arc energy, laser energy and vibration frequency on the porosity of high nitrogen steel composite welding are studied in order to master the effective method of controlling the gas hole in the composite welding of high nitrogen steel. The causes of weld porosity are analyzed from the aspect of porosity, and the influence of current and voltage waveform and droplet transfer on the stability of welding process is analyzed. The weld pool flow has a certain correlation with the weld hole, and the influence of the weld pool flow state on the gas hole is analyzed. The formation of laser keyhole requires a certain threshold energy, and the keyhole penetration has a direct effect on the porosity. According to the force on the bottom of the laser keyhole, the influence of keyhole state on the porosity of weld is analyzed. The results show that the porosity increases at first and then decreases with the increase of arc energy or laser energy. When the arc energy is 4 800 J (I = 200 A, U 路24 V), the porosity is the lowest, which is only 0.49%. When the laser power is 2.8 kW, the porosity decreases to the lowest, only 0.14%, and the porosity decreases obviously after the vibration is applied, and the porosity decreases first and then increases with the increase of vibration frequency. Proper arc energy or laser energy can effectively restrain the number of holes in the weld, and the best effect is obtained when the vibration frequency is 35 Hz.
【作者单位】：长春理工大学机电工程学院;长春奥普光电技术股份有限公司;长城汽车股份有限公司内外饰研究院;
【基金】：国家青年科学基金资助项目(51305044)
【分类号】：TG457.11

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