铝合金表面碱性化学抛光的研究与应用

发布时间：2019-04-15 16:07

【摘要】：铝合金抛光技术可以提高铝制品表面光洁度、平整度及装饰效果,对提高铝制品附加值具有重要作用。本文阐述了相关抛光技术,发现碱性化学抛光作为一种抛光方法,具有成本投入低、无污染、操作及抛光液后处理简单等特点,是符合环保理念的抛光技术,具有较高的深入研究价值。在广泛查阅碱性化学抛光方面文献的基础上,论文针对碱性化学抛光的时间与温度选择、抛光液成分含量优化以及钝化后处理进行了大量试验。主要的研究结果如下:(1)以6061#与5052#铝合金板为试验基板,考察了温度与时间对抛光效果的影响。试验结果表明:试验所选铝板可以在抛光温度为50~65oC,时间10~30s的条件下,得到较高的光泽度;随着温度的升高和时间的增加,铝板的失重逐渐增加。(2)选取抛光配方中各组分对6061#铝合金抛光效果的影响,进行了多组试验,考察氢氧化钠、硝酸钠、硅酸钠和氟化钾的影响。根据试验结果可知,在试验所设条件下,抛光效果较佳的组分浓度为:氢氧化钠250 g/L,硝酸钠150 g/L,硅酸钠15 g/L,氟化钾13 g/L。选用钼酸铵、硫脲、乙二胺四乙酸、六次甲基四胺作为缓蚀剂,硫酸锌、氯化镍与硫酸铜作为金属盐,十二烷基苯磺酸钠与柠檬酸钠作为表面活性剂,研究添加剂的影响。试验结果表明,缓蚀剂可以使抛光效果提高,其中抛光液中加入钼酸铵浓度为40 g/L,综合效果较好;金属盐可以提高铝合金光泽度,但会使失重加重;十二烷基苯磺酸钠与柠檬酸钠均能提高铝制品的光泽度,降低失重,但是效果略差于缓蚀剂。同时,5052#铝板抛光试验效果要差于6061#铝板。采用正交试验法分析添加剂对抛光效果的影响程度,发现钼酸铵的影响显著。通过所选抛光液的持续抛光试验,发现1升抛光液能抛光的铝合金面积约为45 dm2。(3)对抛光后的铝合金进行了钝化处理,发现稀土钝化方法的钝化效果明显强于锆钛钝化,钝化膜也更为明显。最优化的稀土钝化液的配方与工艺条件为硝酸铈15.0g/L,高锰酸钾4.0g/L,硝酸钠1.2g/L钝化时间15~25min,钝化温度30~40℃。
[Abstract]:Aluminum alloy polishing technology can improve the surface finish, flatness and decoration effect of aluminum products, and play an important role in increasing the added value of aluminum products. This paper describes the relative polishing technology, and finds that alkaline chemical polishing, as a polishing method, has the characteristics of low cost, no pollution, simple operation and post-treatment of polishing liquid and so on. It is a polishing technology which accords with the environmental protection concept. It has high in-depth research value. On the basis of extensive references on alkaline chemical polishing, a large number of experiments were carried out on the selection of time and temperature for alkaline chemical polishing, the optimization of polishing solution content and the passivation post-treatment. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of temperature and time on polishing effect were investigated with 6061 # and 5052 # aluminum alloy plates as test substrates. The experimental results show that the high gloss of aluminum plate can be obtained under the condition of polishing temperature of 50 掳C and time of 10? 30 s. With the increase of temperature and time, the weight loss of aluminum plate gradually increased. (2) the influence of various components in polishing formula on polishing effect of 6061 # aluminum alloy was studied in a number of experiments, and sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate were investigated. Effect of sodium silicate and potassium fluoride. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that the optimum concentration of polishing effect is as follows: sodium hydroxide 250 g / L, sodium nitrate 150 g / L, sodium silicate 15 g / L, potassium fluoride 13 g / L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide 250 g / L, sodium nitrate 150 g / L, sodium silicate 15 g / L. Ammonium molybdate, thiourea, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, hexamethylenetetramine as corrosion inhibitor, zinc sulfate, nickel chloride and copper sulfate as metal salt, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium citrate as surfactants were used to study the effect of additives. The experimental results show that the corrosion inhibitor can improve the polishing effect, in which the concentration of ammonium molybdate is 40 g / L in the polishing solution, the comprehensive effect is better, the metallic salt can improve the gloss of aluminum alloy, but it will aggravate the weight loss. Both sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate and sodium citrate can improve the gloss of aluminum products and reduce the weight loss, but the effect is slightly worse than that of the corrosion inhibitor. At the same time, the polishing effect of 5052 # aluminum plate is worse than that of 6061 # aluminum plate. The influence degree of additive on polishing effect was analyzed by orthogonal test, and it was found that the influence of ammonium molybdate was remarkable. Through the continuous polishing experiment of the selected polishing solution, it is found that the area of aluminum alloy which can be polished by 1 liter polishing fluid is about 45 dm2. (3). The passivation effect of rare earth passivation method is better than that of zirconium and titanium passivation, and the passivation effect of rare earth passivation method is better than that of zirconium and titanium passivation. The passivation film is also more obvious. The optimized formula and technological conditions of rare earth passivation solution are cerium nitrate 15.0 g / L, potassium permanganate 4.0 g / L, sodium nitrate 1.2g/L passivation time 15? 25 min and passivation temperature 30? 40 鈩，

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