烟气轮机动叶片数控加工方法的研究
发布时间：2019-05-24 00:34
【摘要】：叶片类零件是航空航天发动机、轮船燃气轮机、烟气轮机以及电力行业中所用的发电机等动力机械的主要工作零部件,它们有着广泛的应用。这类零件在工作时,在经过烟气轮机动叶片的高温高速气体的推动下驱使主轴做旋转运动。叶片的设计结构以及加工制造精度对整个机器的工作效率有着直接的影响。YL型烟气轮机动叶片是一种复杂扭转的自由曲面零件,曲面造型困难,其加工工艺性较差,在对其进行加工时,动叶片的实体造型及数控机床要求很高。传统在普通的数控机床上先进行粗加工,再进行磨削、抛光等精加工;这种传统的加工方式不仅费时而且难以保证所加工曲面的精度与质量。随着数控技术的日益发展,目前此类零件采用多轴联动数控机床进行加工制造,从而保证了其加工精度以及提高了加工速度,但是在这种多轴联动的数控加工过程中,各个轴对烟气轮机动叶片相互作用,在力的作用下动叶片叶身极易发生形变,研究分析烟气轮机动叶片的加工方法是很有必要的。本文以YL型烟气轮机动叶片的数控加工的加工工艺规划、CAM编程技术、叶片加工过程中切削变形的有限元仿真等进行研究。对YL型动叶片的结构设计、动叶片空间型线坐标以及数控加工过程进行了分析研究。首先运用了NURBS曲线的拟合算法,将节点插入算法应用到了动叶片截面型线造型中,采用了UG软件中的NURBS样条曲线构造器功能,在多个截面上能够准确的绘制出了动叶片的截面曲线造型,并利用UG的NURBS曲面造型模块生成了YL型烟气轮机动叶片的实体模型。根据零件的结构特点进行工艺分析,运用UG的加工模块对其进行了加工仿真,并且生成了刀具轨迹。其次研究其在数控加工中的受力变形情况。运用ANSYS软件分析了在切削加工中零件在切削力的作用下的变形,分析了叶片的受力分布。最后对YL型烟气轮机动叶片的叶身曲面进行了CAM自动数控加工编程、生成了数控加工的NC代码,并在并在MAZAK Integrex 200-ST型五轴联动数控加工机床上进行加工试验验证,取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Blade parts are the main working parts of power machinery such as aerospace engine, ship gas turbine, flue gas turbine and generator used in power industry, which have a wide range of applications. When working, this kind of parts drive the spindle to rotate under the push of high temperature and high speed gas passing through the maneuvering blade of smoke wheel. The design structure and machining accuracy of the blade have a direct impact on the working efficiency of the whole machine. YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade is a kind of complex torsional free-form surface part, which is difficult to model and has poor machining technology. When machining, the solid modeling of moving blade and CNC machine tool are required to be very high. The traditional machining method is not only time-consuming but also difficult to guarantee the accuracy and quality of the surface machined by rough machining, then grinding, polishing and other finishing on ordinary NC machine tools. With the development of numerical control technology, this kind of parts are manufactured by multi-axis linkage NC machine tool at present, which ensures its machining accuracy and improves the machining speed, but in this kind of multi-axis linkage NC machining process, Each shaft interacts with the maneuvering blade of the flue gas wheel, and the blade body is easy to deform under the action of force. It is necessary to study and analyze the machining method of the maneuvering blade of the flue gas wheel. In this paper, the machining process planning, CAM programming technology and finite element simulation of cutting deformation of YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade are studied. The structure design, spatial profile coordinates and NC machining process of YL moving blade are analyzed and studied. Firstly, the fitting algorithm of NURBS curve is used, and the node insertion algorithm is applied to the section profile modeling of moving blade, and the function of NURBS Spline Curve Constructor in UG software is adopted. The section curve modeling of the moving blade can be accurately drawn on multiple sections, and the solid model of the YL exhaust turbine maneuvering blade is generated by using the NURBS surface modeling module of UG. According to the structural characteristics of the parts, the process analysis is carried out, and the machining simulation is carried out by using the machining module of UG, and the tool path is generated. Secondly, the stress and deformation of NC machining are studied. The deformation of parts under the action of cutting force in cutting is analyzed by using ANSYS software, and the force distribution of blade is analyzed. Finally, the CAM automatic NC machining programming is carried out for the blade surface of YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade, and the NC code of NC machining is generated, and the machining test is carried out on the MAZAK Integrex 200-ST five-axis linkage NC machining machine tool. Good results have been achieved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659
[Abstract]:Blade parts are the main working parts of power machinery such as aerospace engine, ship gas turbine, flue gas turbine and generator used in power industry, which have a wide range of applications. When working, this kind of parts drive the spindle to rotate under the push of high temperature and high speed gas passing through the maneuvering blade of smoke wheel. The design structure and machining accuracy of the blade have a direct impact on the working efficiency of the whole machine. YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade is a kind of complex torsional free-form surface part, which is difficult to model and has poor machining technology. When machining, the solid modeling of moving blade and CNC machine tool are required to be very high. The traditional machining method is not only time-consuming but also difficult to guarantee the accuracy and quality of the surface machined by rough machining, then grinding, polishing and other finishing on ordinary NC machine tools. With the development of numerical control technology, this kind of parts are manufactured by multi-axis linkage NC machine tool at present, which ensures its machining accuracy and improves the machining speed, but in this kind of multi-axis linkage NC machining process, Each shaft interacts with the maneuvering blade of the flue gas wheel, and the blade body is easy to deform under the action of force. It is necessary to study and analyze the machining method of the maneuvering blade of the flue gas wheel. In this paper, the machining process planning, CAM programming technology and finite element simulation of cutting deformation of YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade are studied. The structure design, spatial profile coordinates and NC machining process of YL moving blade are analyzed and studied. Firstly, the fitting algorithm of NURBS curve is used, and the node insertion algorithm is applied to the section profile modeling of moving blade, and the function of NURBS Spline Curve Constructor in UG software is adopted. The section curve modeling of the moving blade can be accurately drawn on multiple sections, and the solid model of the YL exhaust turbine maneuvering blade is generated by using the NURBS surface modeling module of UG. According to the structural characteristics of the parts, the process analysis is carried out, and the machining simulation is carried out by using the machining module of UG, and the tool path is generated. Secondly, the stress and deformation of NC machining are studied. The deformation of parts under the action of cutting force in cutting is analyzed by using ANSYS software, and the force distribution of blade is analyzed. Finally, the CAM automatic NC machining programming is carried out for the blade surface of YL type flue gas wheel maneuvering blade, and the NC code of NC machining is generated, and the machining test is carried out on the MAZAK Integrex 200-ST five-axis linkage NC machining machine tool. Good results have been achieved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659
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