多轴精密数控系统关键技术的研究与开发
发布时间：2019-05-27 23:16
【摘要】：自由曲面光学元件具有优良的光学性能,能有效简化结构,提高光学系统可靠性,在测量、航天、军事等领域有着广泛的需求。随着光学技术的发展,光学自由曲面需要更高的轮廓精度和表面质量,而传统的数控加工技术已无法满足精密零部件和精密光学的需求。为了提高精密加工的效率和质量,研究高精度的光学自由曲面加工方法,实现高性能的精密数控系统和设备势在必行。本课题基于五轴自由曲面机床的机械平台,围绕多轴精密数控系统的软硬件架构设计、设备通信、I/O管理、大型程序处理和控制以及精密数控程序自动生成等关键技术进行研究和开发。针对系统硬件架构,分析了精密自由曲面的加工要求和机床平台的特性,采用主从结构,分别为工控机、顺序控制模块、运动控制模块和控制面板进行选型和设计。针对系统软件架构,分别从系统组织结构、设计元素、任务管理策略、数据存储方案和人机界面五个方面进行研究,并基于线程控制,提出了一种采用事件队列实现任务管理的策略。同时,通过动态绑定的机制,实现人机界面的管理。针对PLC的通信协议以及其半双工通信方式的特点,开发出相应的通信程序。根据控制面板的实际工作特点和汉明码的编码译码原理,制定了相应的通信协议和通信机制。同时,提出了一种分配管理器集中控制方法,实现I/0的分配管理和控制。针对内存不足导致大型数控程序难以显示和编辑的问题,设计了一种三页切换机制,并将其进行优化,突破内存瓶颈。同时,提出了预加载和模块化方案,利用A3200软运动控制器的程序控制函数库实现大型加工程序的控制,并对两种方案的优缺点进行了分析和比较。通过对等间距、等弦长和等误差直线逼近算法的分析,根据旋转对称非球面的数学模型,提出了逐点逼近法,实现旋转对称非球面的自动编程。同时,采取二分查找法,解决了NURBS曲线的反算问题,实现了逐点逼近法在NURBS曲线上的复用。针对NURBS曲线的特点,提出了逐段逼近算法,实现对NURBS曲线的等误差逼近。通过对旋转对称非球面和NURBS曲线进行仿真实验,验证了逐点逼近法和逐段逼近法的可行性。实际加工实验结果表明,本文研发的多轴精密数控系统性能稳定,可实现精密数控加工。
[Abstract]:Free-form surface optical elements have excellent optical properties, can effectively simplify the structure, improve the reliability of optical systems, and have a wide range of needs in measurement, aerospace, military and other fields. With the development of optical technology, optical free-form surface needs higher outline accuracy and surface quality, but the traditional NC machining technology can not meet the needs of precision parts and precision optics. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of precision machining, it is imperative to study the high precision optical free-form surface machining method and realize the high performance precision numerical control system and equipment. Based on the mechanical platform of five-axis free-form surface machine tool, this paper focuses on the hardware and software architecture design, equipment communication and I / O management of multi-axis precision CNC system. The key technologies such as large program processing and control and automatic generation of precision NC program are studied and developed. According to the hardware architecture of the system, the machining requirements of precision free-form surface and the characteristics of machine tool platform are analyzed. The master-slave structure is used to select and design the industrial control computer, sequence control module, motion control module and control panel, respectively. Aiming at the system software architecture, the system organization structure, design elements, task management strategy, data storage scheme and man-machine interface are studied respectively, and based on thread control, In this paper, a strategy of task management based on event queue is proposed. At the same time, through the dynamic binding mechanism, the management of man-machine interface is realized. According to the communication protocol of PLC and the characteristics of its half-duplex communication mode, the corresponding communication program is developed. According to the actual working characteristics of the control panel and the coding and decoding principle of hamming code, the corresponding communication protocol and communication mechanism are established. At the same time, a centralized control method of allocation manager is proposed to realize the allocation management and control of I 鈮，
本文编号：2486528
[Abstract]:Free-form surface optical elements have excellent optical properties, can effectively simplify the structure, improve the reliability of optical systems, and have a wide range of needs in measurement, aerospace, military and other fields. With the development of optical technology, optical free-form surface needs higher outline accuracy and surface quality, but the traditional NC machining technology can not meet the needs of precision parts and precision optics. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of precision machining, it is imperative to study the high precision optical free-form surface machining method and realize the high performance precision numerical control system and equipment. Based on the mechanical platform of five-axis free-form surface machine tool, this paper focuses on the hardware and software architecture design, equipment communication and I / O management of multi-axis precision CNC system. The key technologies such as large program processing and control and automatic generation of precision NC program are studied and developed. According to the hardware architecture of the system, the machining requirements of precision free-form surface and the characteristics of machine tool platform are analyzed. The master-slave structure is used to select and design the industrial control computer, sequence control module, motion control module and control panel, respectively. Aiming at the system software architecture, the system organization structure, design elements, task management strategy, data storage scheme and man-machine interface are studied respectively, and based on thread control, In this paper, a strategy of task management based on event queue is proposed. At the same time, through the dynamic binding mechanism, the management of man-machine interface is realized. According to the communication protocol of PLC and the characteristics of its half-duplex communication mode, the corresponding communication program is developed. According to the actual working characteristics of the control panel and the coding and decoding principle of hamming code, the corresponding communication protocol and communication mechanism are established. At the same time, a centralized control method of allocation manager is proposed to realize the allocation management and control of I 鈮，
本文编号：2486528
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