嵌入式机床主轴动平衡装置的设计与研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 09:30

【摘要】：本课题为解决机床主轴振动问题,以嵌入式系统为基础,研发了一种多功能机床主轴现场动平衡仪。机床主轴在机床旋转加工中具有至关重要的作用,但其在加工材料选择、结构设计、制造工艺和装配等多个环节,通常会存在质量分布的不均匀、偏离设计值和装配间隙等问题。这些因素会产生惯性离心力和离心力偶,使得转子在转动过程中产生振动。所以,为了确保机床的机械加工精度、延长轴承和主轴的使用寿命,在安装前以及使用过程中都要进行主轴动平衡调整。首先,本文介绍了静平衡和动平衡理论,并针对刚性转子的静不平衡和动不平衡振动特性,建立振动系统的力学模型,分析了转子振动时的特性和由不平衡引起的振动信号的特点。其次,为测量转子振动信号和转速,本设计选用压电式加速度传感器和反射式光电传感器,并对传感器的选择和传感器的合理安装进行了叙述;由于从传感器直接输出的信号含有其他频率的杂波信号,为了滤除杂波干扰信号,设计了信号调理电路,主要包括:一阶放大高通滤波电路、二阶低通滤波电路、自动跟踪滤波电路;振动信号经滤波后,输出的振动信号有时太小,为提高信噪比,设计了程序控制放大电路;为使放大后的振动信号电压在A/D输入量程范围,进行了电平转换电路设计。经电平转换后,为实现模拟信号到数字信号的转换,设计了以嵌入式芯片STM32F103C8为核心的信号采集系统,包括硬件和软件两方面;硬件部分包括:供电及晶振电路、复位电路和系统供电稳压电路的设计;软件部分主要包括:系统配置、信号采集、数据的传输和命令控制程序设计。再次,为实现可视化智能控制,本设计选用一款工业级智能液晶触摸屏作为上位机,针对机床主轴的特点,开发了单面和双面动平衡测试系统,主要包括:多个测试界面的开发、控制算法和逻辑运算的设计。最后,对设计的多个模块进行精确度和可靠性验证实验,并进行整机动平衡实验,验证设计的设备的可行性、稳定性和准靠性。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the vibration problem of machine tool spindle, a multifunctional machine tool spindle field dynamic balance instrument is developed based on embedded system. The spindle of machine tool plays an important role in the rotating machining of machine tool, but it usually has the problems of uneven mass distribution, deviation from design value and assembly gap in many links, such as material selection, structure design, manufacturing process and assembly. These factors will produce inertial centrifugal force and centrifugal couple, which will make the rotor vibrate in the process of rotation. Therefore, in order to ensure the machining accuracy of the machine tool and prolong the service life of the bearing and spindle, the dynamic balance adjustment of the spindle should be carried out before installation and in the process of use. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory of static balance and dynamic balance, and establishes the mechanical model of vibration system according to the static and dynamic unbalanced vibration characteristics of rigid rotor, and analyzes the characteristics of rotor vibration and the characteristics of vibration signal caused by imbalance. Secondly, in order to measure the vibration signal and speed of the rotor, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor and the reflective photoelectric sensor are selected in this design, and the selection of the sensor and the reasonable installation of the sensor are described. Because the signal directly output from the sensor contains other frequency clutter signal, in order to filter out the clutter interference signal, the signal conditioning circuit is designed, which mainly includes: the first order amplifier high pass filter circuit, the second order low pass filter circuit, the automatic tracking filter circuit, after the vibration signal is filtered, the output vibration signal is sometimes too small, in order to improve the signal to noise ratio, the program control amplifier circuit is designed. In order to make the amplified vibration signal voltage in the range of A 鈮，

本文编号：2503967