基于试验的在役塔式起重机疲劳寿命分析

发布时间：2017-12-30 23:42

本文关键词：基于试验的在役塔式起重机疲劳寿命分析　出处：《大连理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济建设的高速发展和城镇化建设的不断加快,塔式起重机满载、超载的现象日益严重,事故发生的次数也不断增多。目前,我国对塔式起重机的报废标准还没有统一的规定,许多上世纪80、90年代出厂的塔式起重机仍在继续服役。塔式起重机的工作过程主要包括起升、变幅和回转。重物起升和下放过程中结构承受冲击载荷,变幅和回转过程中结构承受交变载荷。另外,塔式起重机还承受随机变化的风载荷等。这些载荷对塔式起重机的疲劳寿命产生严重影响。经过对多起事故调查分析发现,疲劳破坏是塔式起重机金属结构失效的主要原因。为全面分析塔式起重机的疲劳寿命,本文以QTZ63塔式起重机为研究对象,基于现场试验对在役塔式起重机进行疲劳寿命分析研究。研究结果为塔式起重机的设计和疲劳寿命评估提供一定的理论依据。主要完成以下工作： (1)确定分析方法。研究疲劳损伤理论,采用名义应力法进行疲劳寿命分析。 (2)建立有限元模型。建立QTZ63塔式起重机有限元模型,分析典型工况下模型的应力水平和分布状态,为现场应力测试试验点的选取提供重要参考,同时为疲劳寿命分析提供有限元结果文件。 (3)获取载荷谱。根据制定的试验方案,对QTZ63塔式起重机进行现场应力测试试验。依次采集测点在各典型工况下的应力-时间历程,使用DHDAS动态信号测试分析系统对采集数据进行分析处理,借助MSC.Fatigue软件对试验数据进行雨流处理,得到载荷谱。 (4)计算分析疲劳寿命。基于名义应力法,在疲劳分析软件MSC.Fatigue中定义S-N曲线并加载有限元结果文件和载荷谱,计算在役塔式起重机的疲劳寿命,分析结果并提出设计改进意见。
[Abstract]:With the construction of the high-speed development of China economy and urbanization continues to accelerate, the tower crane load, the overload phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious, the number of accidents also increased. At present, there is no uniform provisions of rejection standard of tower crane tower crane in China, many century 80,90's factory continues service.
The working process of tower crane mainly including hoisting, luffing and slewing. Heavy lifting structure and impact load in the process of decentralization, the structure of alternating load amplitude and rotating process. In addition, the tower crane also changes under random wind loads. These loads affect the fatigue life of tower crane. After a survey of many accidents analysis found that fatigue damage is the main reason for the failure of the metal structure of tower crane.
For a comprehensive analysis of fatigue life of tower crane, tower crane based on QTZ63 as the research object, field test of tower crane in service were studied. Analysis of fatigue life based on research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and evaluation of the fatigue life of tower crane. Mainly completes the following work:
(1) the analysis method is determined. The fatigue damage theory is studied and the fatigue life analysis is carried out by the nominal stress method.
(2) establish the finite element model. Establish the finite element model of QTZ63 tower crane, analyze the stress level and distribution state of the model under typical working conditions, provide an important reference for the selection of field stress test points, and provide finite element result files for fatigue life analysis.
(3) to get the load spectrum. According to the test plan, QTZ63 tower crane on site stress test. By collecting points in various typical conditions of stress time history analysis system to analyze the collected data using the DHDAS dynamic signal test, using MSC.Fatigue software for data processing of rain flow and get the load spectrum.
(4) calculate and analyze fatigue life. Based on nominal stress method, define S-N curve in fatigue analysis software MSC.Fatigue, load finite element result file and load spectrum, calculate fatigue life of service tower crane, analyze result and put forward design improvement suggestion.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.3

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