汽车变速器齿轮传动系统非线性动力学特性研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 08:11

本文关键词：汽车变速器齿轮传动系统非线性动力学特性研究　出处：《东北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车变速器是汽车动力传动系统中的关键部件之一,其工作性能的优劣直接影响到汽车的各项性能指标,随着汽车工业的不断发展,对变速器载荷、速度及其振动特性等性能提出了更高的要求。齿轮传动系统是变速器的核心部件,在其他工业领域中也发挥着举足轻重的作用。因此,研究变速器齿轮传动系统动力学特性,确保系统正常、安全运行,降低设备的维修费用具有十分重要的意义。汽车变速器齿轮传动系统本质上是一个时变参数与间隙非线性共存的多自由度非线性系统,它所描述的齿轮系统动力学行为具有自身的复杂性。本论文以某型汽车变速器为基本研究对象,结合齿轮动力学、转子动力学、传递矩阵法、材料力学、分析力学、理论力学、非线性振动、随机振动及混沌动力学等理论和技术,对齿轮传动系统的固有模态的求解、参数对系统振动特性的影响、运行状态识别和预测、动力学特性的分析等多方面问题进行了研究。主要工作如下： (1)通过推导模型的内力方程,综合考虑弯、扭、剪切变形耦合及陀螺力矩的影响,提出适用于齿轮传动系统的典型部件的各向异性传递矩阵表达式,扩展了应用范围；将汽车变速器齿轮传动系统简化为集中参数模型,利用整体传递矩阵法求解出该系统的固有频率和振型,并与有限元方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了该方法的正确性。 (2)基于汽车变速器齿轮传动系统盘轴截面变化不大的特点,应用集总参数法获得变速器齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型,计算其线性模态,并对比了采用有限元法的该模型的固有频率及振型；此外,采用有限元法计算忽略轴向窜动的简化模型的固有频率,并与整体传递矩阵法的结果进行比较；以上分析结论为齿轮系统非线性问题的研究奠定了基础。 (3)采用有限元等方法计算并推导出斜齿轮非线性动态啮合力的函数表达式,利用拉格朗日方程、柔度系数等方法,建立非对称弹性支承,两端具有集中质量,轴段具有不同抗弯刚度、抗扭刚度,考虑齿侧间隙-时变刚度的斜齿轮传动系统动力学微分方程；重点讨论了时变啮合刚度参数振动的影响,分析了齿侧间隙强非线性下的动力学行为,提取典型特征,为故障诊断提供依据；讨论了工作转速下结构参数的影响,校核变速器齿轮传动系统实际运行的可靠性。 (4)建立汽车变速器三档斜齿轮副有限元动力学模型,研究了齿轮啮合过程中的应力、应变及运动特征量分布特点；绘制出齿轮啮合过程中的时变啮合力曲线,提取了该曲线的频率成分；比较齿侧间隙故障情况下和正常啮合情况下的啮合力曲线,得到两种不同情况下啮合力的变化特点,提取出故障特征,为判断齿侧间隙故障的发生提供依据。
[Abstract]:Automobile transmission is one of the key components of automobile power transmission system, its performance directly affects the performance of the car, with the development of automobile industry, the transmission load, put forward higher requirements for speed and vibration characteristics and other properties. The gear transmission system is a core component of the transmission, but also play a pivotal role in other industrial fields. Therefore, research on dynamic characteristics of gear transmission system, to ensure normal system, safe operation, has very important significance to reduce the cost of equipment maintenance.
The essence of automobile transmission gear transmission system is a time-varying nonlinear system with multi degrees of freedom parameter and coexistence gap nonlinearity, gear system dynamics behavior described by it has its own complexity. In this paper, a vehicle gearbox as the basic research object, combining gear dynamics, rotor dynamics, transfer matrix method, material analysis of mechanics, mechanics, theoretical mechanics, nonlinear vibration, random vibration and chaotic dynamics theory and technology, to solve the inherent mode of gear transmission system. The influence of parameters on the vibration characteristics of the system, the running state recognition and prediction, analysis of dynamic characteristics and other aspects of the problem are studied. The main work is as follows:
(1) the internal force equation model, considering bending, torsion, shear deformation effect and the coupling of the gyroscopic moment, the anisotropy of typical components applied to gear transmission system transfer matrix expression, expands the scope of application; the transmission system of automotive transmission gear is simplified as a lumped parameter model, using transfer matrix method to solve the system natural frequency and vibration mode were calculated with the finite element method results were compared to verify the correctness of the method.
(2) the characteristics of transmission system of automotive transmission gear wheel shaft section change based on the lumped parameter method is used to obtain the nonlinear dynamic model of gear transmission system, calculation of the linear mode, and compares the natural frequency and vibration model using the finite element method of the model; in addition, the calculation ignores the inherent frequency of simplified model of axial the movement by finite element method, and compare the transfer matrix method and the overall result; the above analysis conclusion has laid the foundation for the research of gear system nonlinear problems.
(3) using the finite element method to calculate and deduce the function expression of helical gear nonlinear dynamic meshing force, by using the Lagrange equation, the flexibility coefficient method, establish the asymmetric elastic support, with a focus on the quality of both ends of shaft section with different bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, considering the backlash - time-varying dynamics the differential equation of the helical gear transmission system stiffness; focus on the effects of time-varying meshing stiffness parameters of vibration, analyze the dynamic behavior of backlash nonlinear under the extraction of typical characteristics, provide the basis for fault diagnosis; discusses the influence of structure parameters of working speed, reliability of transmission gear transmission system of the actual check operation.
(4) the establishment of automobile transmission gear helical gear finite element dynamic model of gear meshing process of stress and strain characteristics of weight distribution and movement characteristics; variable meshing force curve draw gear meshing process, extract the frequency components of the curve; comparison of backlash and normal fault conditions under the condition of meshing the meshing force curve, change characteristics of two different conditions of meshing force, extract fault characteristic, provide the basis for judging the backlash of faults.

【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH132.41;U463.212

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