复合材料抗爆容器载荷规律及动力响应研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 09:46

本文关键词：复合材料抗爆容器载荷规律及动力响应研究　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗爆容器是一种工作在极端条件下的压力容器,能够限制内部爆炸产物和爆炸冲击波的作用范围,对工程设备和试验人员等起到近距离保护作用,方便对爆炸和爆轰过程进行观察和测试,以及回收试验产物和防止环境污染等。随着抗爆容器的大型化,目前广泛使用的单层抗爆容器的固有缺点开始显露出来,如制造困难、成本高、深厚焊缝难以检测和消除等,难以满足抗爆容器大当量化的发展要求,而复合材料抗爆容器不但克服了以上的不足,而且具有抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性能好、比强度高及破损安全性等诸多优点,因此研究新型复合材料抗爆容器来满足抗爆容器大当量化的要求具有十分重要的意义。本文在国家自然科学基金“复合材料圆柱形容器在内爆炸强动载荷作用下的损伤演化和寿命研究”(项目编号：50875236)和“抗爆容器绝热剪切瞬态演化过程和断裂形貌预测”(项目编号：51005201)的资助下,对复合材料抗爆容器内部爆炸载荷规律及其动力响应展开了数值研究,主要研究内容和结论有： (1)复合材料抗爆容器建模。首先对复合材料的发展历程以及复合材料抗爆容器的基本结构进行了简要的介绍,并描述了复合材料抗爆容器的显著优点；其次研究讨论了单层复合材料的基本强度理论和失效准则,以及复合材料层合板的强度理论,并对比研究了几种强度理论各自的适用范围；最后分别对ANSYS和LS-DYNA程序中可用于复合材料建模的单元类型进行了介绍,确定了本文采用的单元类型,并基于三个基本假设分别在ANSYS和LS-DYNA程序中建立了复合材料抗爆容器的数值计算模型。 (2)复合材料抗爆容器内部爆炸载荷的研究。详细描述了LS-DYNA计算程序中爆炸流场计算方法,基于该方法建立复合材料抗爆容器内部爆炸载荷的流固耦合计算模型。利用建立的计算模型,数值计算了不同当量等长径比圆柱形TNT装药下复合材料抗爆容器内部爆炸载荷特性和分布规律。数值计算结果表明：复合材料抗爆容器壁面爆炸载荷分布不均匀,爆炸载荷主要集中在爆心附近圆柱筒体上；爆心对应圆柱壁面点为圆柱筒体上承受最大爆炸冲击载荷的位置；并且发现在给定的结构尺寸下,爆心环面比冲量与炸药量成很好的线性关系。 (3)复合材料抗爆容器动力响应研究。利用第二章建立的复合材料抗爆容器的数值计算模型,对不同药量TNT作用下的复合材料圆柱壳进行了动力响应分析,发现纤维对称缠绕方式可以较好的平衡环向变形和径向变形,具有应力均匀化效应,有利于材料性能的充分利用,这是复合材料爆炸容器优于单层金属爆炸容器的主要特性。研究发现复合材料圆柱结构在振动后期出现了节拍现象,并通过模态分析初步解释了出现节拍的原因。结构的响应虽然表现出明显的节拍效应,但其振动始终维持在弹性范围内,振动时间维持在100ms以上,这种振动特点有助于将容器吸收的爆轰能量转换为结构的动能,有助于提高结构的抗爆能力。
[Abstract]:Explosion containment vessel is a pressure vessel working in extreme conditions, to limit the production of explosion and explosion shock wave range, on engineering equipment and testing personnel to close the protective effect, convenience of the explosion and detonation process were observed and measured, and the recycle of test products and prevent environmental pollution. With the large-scale anti explosion container, inherent shortcomings of the widely used single antiknocking container begin to expose, such as manufacturing difficulty, high cost, difficult to detect and eliminate the deep seam, it is difficult to meet the large explosion containment vessel when quantitative requirements of the development of composite materials resistant container not only overcome the above shortcomings, but also has anti fatigue corrosion resistance, good electrical insulation properties, damage the advantages of safety and high strength, so the research model of composite explosion containment vessel to meet the requirements of large antiknocking container equivalent out It's very important.
Based on the National Natural Science Foundation "composite cylindrical vessel, explosion dynamic damage evolution and life of the load" (project number: 50875236) and "anti explosion container adiabatic shear transient evolution process and fracture morphology prediction" (project number: 51005201) supported by the expansion of a numerical study on the response of the internal composite materials anti explosion container of explosion load and dynamic, main research contents and conclusion:
(1) composite explosion containment vessel modeling. Firstly the structure development of composite material and composite material antiknock container was introduced briefly, and describes the advantages of composite explosion containment vessel; secondly, discussed the basic theory of composite material strength and failure criteria, and strength theory of composite laminates, and comparative study of the applicability of several strength theories; finally the ANSYS and the LS-DYNA program can be used in the composite modeling element types are introduced, this paper uses the single element type is determined, and based on three basic assumptions respectively in ANSYS and LS-DYNA program was established in the numerical calculation of composite explosion containment vessel model.
(2) the research of composite explosion containment vessel internal blast loading. A detailed description of the calculation method of explosion field calculation program LS-DYNA, calculation model of solid coupling to establish the internal explosive loading of composite explosion containment vessel based on the method of flow. Using the established model, the numerical calculation of different equivalent length diameter ratio of cylindrical TNT loaded composite anti explosion container internal explosion load characteristics and distribution rules. The numerical results show that the composite explosion containment vessel wall explosion load distribution is not uniform, the explosion load mainly concentrated in the explosion near the center of cylinder body; blasting corresponding cylinder surface to withstand the maximum explosion loading position of cylinder body; and found in size the case of the blasting impulse and torus explosive quantity has a good linear relationship.
(3) dynamic response of composite explosion containment vessel. Using the numerical calculation model of the second chapter of composite explosion containment vessel, the composite cylindrical shell of different dosage of TNT on the condition of dynamic response analysis, found that the fiber symmetric winding can be a good way to balance the circumferential deformation and radial deformation, has uniform stress effect that is beneficial to making full use of the material properties, which is the main characteristic of composite is better than that of single metal explosion vessel explosion vessel. The study found that composite cylindrical structure appeared in the late beat phenomenon and vibration, through modal analysis preliminary explain the beat reasons. The response of the structure although there is obvious beating phenomenon, but its vibration always maintain in the elastic range, the vibration time maintained at more than 100ms, the vibration characteristics will help the detonation energy absorbed by the container into the structure Kinetic energy helps to improve the anti explosion ability of the structure.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH49

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