桥式起重机小车轻量化方法的研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:25

本文关键词：桥式起重机小车轻量化方法的研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代化大生产的条件下,桥式起重机已从辅助设备成为连续生产流程中的一种专用设备,作为物料搬运机械的重要设备,在机械加工、化工、电力、能源、铁路、交通、仓储、冶金、矿山等各个领域都发挥着至关重要的作用。但目前国内桥式起重机重量大,能耗大,生产成本及运行成本较高。本文通过研究轻量化桥式起重机小车,以达到减小小车外形尺寸、自重及轮压,增加起重机的工作空间,降低厂房造价的目的。本文主要做了如下工作： (1)桥式起重机小车方案优化的研究。小车方案的优化实际上就是起升机构方案的优化,本文运用功能分析法和层次分析法对起升机构方案从定量和定性两方面进行分析,得到最优方案。 (2)卷筒的轻量化方法研究。多年来,起重机焊接卷筒壁厚的确定都是通过经验公式,即认为卷筒壁厚约等于钢丝绳直径,然后对卷筒分别进行强度和稳定性方面的校核。该方法简单实用,安全性高,但通过该方法设计的焊接卷筒壁厚偏于保守,材料的承载能力没有被充分的利用。本文从单层卷绕卷筒的载荷特点和钢丝绳的直径优化角度进行分析,最后给出卷筒壁厚与钢丝绳直径的关系。 (3)基于等效结构应力法的小车架焊缝疲劳寿命预测。采用等效结构应力法对轻量化的小车架焊缝进行疲劳分析,分析小车典型工作载荷,建立包括焊缝在内的小车架有限元模型,通过后处理,获取小车架焊缝处相应位置的结构应力,应用断裂力学分析确定与焊缝疲劳寿命相关的应力参数,最后运用等效应力转化方程,对焊缝疲劳数据进行处理,完成小车架焊缝疲劳寿命预测。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of large modernization , the bridge crane has become a special equipment in the continuous production process from auxiliary equipment . As an important equipment for material handling machinery , it plays a vital role in the fields of mechanical processing , chemical industry , power , energy , railway , transportation , storage , metallurgy and mine . ( 1 ) The optimization of the trolley scheme of the bridge crane . The optimization of the trolley scheme is actually the optimization of the lifting mechanism scheme . In this paper , the function analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process are used to analyze the lifting mechanism scheme from the quantitative and qualitative aspects to obtain the optimal scheme . ( 2 ) The thickness of the drum wall is determined by the empirical formula , that is , the thickness of the drum wall is approximately equal to the diameter of the steel wire rope , then the strength and the stability of the drum are checked . The method is simple and practical , the safety is high , but the load carrying capacity of the material is not sufficiently utilized . ( 3 ) The fatigue life prediction of the welding seam of trolley frame based on equivalent structural stress method . The fatigue analysis is carried out on the welded seam of trolley frame by using equivalent structure stress method . The finite element model of trolley frame including weld seam is analyzed . Through post - treatment , the stress parameter related to the fatigue life of the welding seam is obtained . Finally , the fatigue data of the weld joint is processed by using the equal effect force transformation equation , and the fatigue life prediction of the welding seam of the trolley frame is completed .

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21

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