轮式装载机工作装置多学科协同优化技术的研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:15

本文关键词：轮式装载机工作装置多学科协同优化技术的研究　出处：《集美大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：轮式装载机是一种广泛应用于高速公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程的土石方施工机械。工作装置是轮式装载机直接实现铲装物料的机构，工作装置设计合理与否关系到整机的结构尺寸、作业效率、作业成本和使用寿命。工作装置优化设计时需要考虑铲斗截面几何形状，需要考虑连杆机构9个铰接点的位置，需要考虑机构撕裂、干涉、平移性、自动放平性等性能约束，已有的研究通常针对工作装置铲斗机构或连杆机构某一部分进行。工作装置是一个整体，对各个部分分别进行优化然后进行组合显然难以实现整体最优，，因此本文将多学科协同优化设计的思想引入到工作装置设计中来。主要研究内容包括：在第一章中首先介绍了装载机工作装置优化设计研究现状及存在的问题，然后介绍了多学科综合优化设计基本思想和主要研究内容，最后提出将多学科协同优化设计思想应用到工作装置设计中。在第二章中首先介绍了轮式装载机工作装置传统设计过程，然后提出将装载机工作装置分解为机构学和结构学两个子学科，建立了工作装置多学科协同优化过程模型，以指导第三章、第四章和第五章的优化。第三章对工作装置机构学子学科进行优化。工作装置机构学子学科又分为铲斗机构子学科与连杆机构子学科，铲斗机构子学科的优化采用无约束条件优化算法与灵敏度分析相结合的方法，连杆机构子学科在灵敏度分析的基础上采用罚函数-遗传算法进行优化。通过灵敏度分析，找出了对工作装置优化设计影响程度较大的设计变量，使得设计人员在进行工作装置优化设计和设计变更时可以重点考虑。第四章对工作装置结构学子学科进行优化。装载机工作装置包括铲斗、动臂、摇臂等多个部件，由于工作量的原因本文只对动臂进行了研究。采用基于数值计算的有限元法对动臂进行了结构分析与优化，并对动臂结构设计变量进行了灵敏度分析，为第五章多学科协同优化设计准备初始条件与结构学子学科局部灵敏度值。第五章根据第三章和第四章的分析结果，采用改进的基于全局灵敏度法方程的并行子空间算法，对工作装置机构学子学科优化和结构学子学科优化进行了综合，以某型号装载机为例进行了运动学仿真，与优化前的模型进行了比较分析，结果表明多学科优化方法能改进工作装置主要工作性能。最后对全文进行了总结和展望。
[Abstract]:Wheel loader is widely used in highway, railway, building, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects of earthwork construction machinery. The reasonable design of the working device is related to the structure size, work efficiency, operation cost and service life of the whole machine. The geometry of bucket section should be considered in the optimum design of the working device. It is necessary to consider the location of nine hinge points of the linkage mechanism, and the performance constraints such as mechanism tearing, interference, translation, automatic flattening and so on. The existing research is usually aimed at a part of the bucket mechanism or the connecting rod mechanism of the working device. The working device is a whole, so it is obviously difficult to achieve the overall optimization by optimizing each part separately and then combining it. Therefore, this paper introduces the idea of multidisciplinary cooperative optimization design into the design of working device. The main research contents include: In the first chapter, the current situation and existing problems of the optimization design of the loader's working device are introduced, and then the basic idea and main research contents of the multidisciplinary integrated optimal design are introduced. Finally, the idea of multidisciplinary cooperative optimization design is applied to the design of working device. In the second chapter, the traditional design process of the wheel loader working device is introduced, and then the loader working device is decomposed into two subdisciplines: mechanism and structure. A multidisciplinary collaborative optimization process model is established to guide the optimization of chapters 3, 4th and 5th. The third chapter optimizes the working device mechanism subdiscipline, which is divided into bucket mechanism sub-discipline and linkage mechanism sub-discipline. The subdiscipline of bucket mechanism is optimized by the combination of unconstrained optimization algorithm and sensitivity analysis. On the basis of sensitivity analysis, the sub-discipline of linkage mechanism adopts penalty Function-genetic algorithm to optimize. Through the sensitivity analysis, the design variables which have a great influence on the optimal design of the working device are found out. So that designers in the design of the optimal design and design changes can be considered. Chapter 4th optimizes the subject of working device structure. The loader working device includes several parts, such as bucket, moving arm, rocker arm and so on. Because of the workload, the structure of the arm is analyzed and optimized by using the finite element method based on numerical calculation, and the sensitivity analysis of the structural variables of the arm is given. The initial conditions and local sensitivity of structural sub-discipline are prepared for 5th chapter multidisciplinary collaborative optimization design. In Chapter 5th, according to the results of Chapter 3 and Chapter 4th, an improved parallel subspace algorithm based on the equation of global sensitivity method is adopted. This paper synthesizes the optimization of working mechanism subdiscipline and structural subdiscipline, and takes a certain type of loader as an example to carry out kinematics simulation, which is compared with the model before optimization. The results show that the multidisciplinary optimization method can improve the main working performance of the working device. Finally, the full text is summarized and prospected.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH243

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