大吨位全地面起重机臂架大变形分析的参数化软件开发

发布时间：2018-01-16 22:23

本文关键词：大吨位全地面起重机臂架大变形分析的参数化软件开发　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的发展,我国的工业水平发展迅速。近年来国家大力发展基础建设,基而础建设需要大量的工程机械,这必然促进工程机械行业高速发展。起重机是工程设备中使用最广泛、最灵活的产品,是工程机械的重要组成部分。随着建设要求的大幅提高,市场竞争日益激烈,起重机更新换代的速度也逐步提高。近几年中国的逐渐出现了更大吨位的起重机,同时产品系列也更加丰富。企业根据市场需求特点,不断丰富着自己的产品系列谱。为了跟上发展的步伐,设计一台新吨位起重机的时间正在逐渐缩短。目前,设计一台系列谱中的升级产品需要4个月时间;设计一台不在系列谱中,更大吨位的新品,从方案到样机试验也仅仅是1年左右时间。为了加快设计速度,缩短设计时间,企业与高校合作研究开发新产品,将高校的先进技术资源与企业自身经验相结合。我们总结传统的设计经验,学习国外先进技术,归纳成符合产品自身特点的设计流程,并寻找出适合设计流程的计算方法。在近几年时间里,我们总结了产品设计流程,将其分为方案设计、详细设计和样机实验,共3个阶段。除去样机测试以外,其余两个均应用计算机辅助设计技术。方案设计阶段的目的是制定起重机关键参数,如起重机三角点、吊臂长度、截面参数等,然后计算性能。这个阶段的特点是计算数据量大,主要体现在起重机工况多。通常一个完整的结构形式,有上万个工况。对于每一个工况都需要计算强度、刚度、变幅油缸、回转支承、整车倾翻稳定和支腿内力,共计6种单项控制的性能。然后整合这6种性能,取出相同幅度的最小吊重作为最终性能。又因为方案设计阶段中,参数修改频繁,所以一轮计算是不能满足要求的。在这个阶段中,我们使用过多种有限元软件,尝试了多种计算方法。从最开始的ALGOR软件,静力线性方法到目前的ANSYS软件,几何大变形分析。基于这些软件,我们编写了适合这个阶段的计算程序,实现了模型根据工况的自动组装、自动加载、自动求解、自动提取结果、根据工况表多工况的功能。相继计算了多系列的不同产品,并通过实验检验了计算结果,逐渐总结、归纳计算方法。在计算不同产品时,总体上方法是一致的,但是总会存在细小的差别。为了达到形成统一的计算方法,减少人为错误,不再第三方软件中建立模型的目的,我们再一次总结计算方法,抽象出结构的特征,统计出所有计算过产品的参数,编写了适合方案阶段的参数化计算程序。详细设计阶段对应于设计人员形成三维模型时期,其目的是检验三维模型局部是否满足强度要求。因为在这个过程中,每种产品局部特征差异比较大,不容易抽象出共同的特点,但是可以根据现有的产品建立参数化的模型库。当设计新产品时,从模型库中寻找近似的结构,然后加以修改,建立成满足当前要求的结构。本论文介绍了针对方案阶段的参数化过程。首先,针对起重机自身结构特点,提取并抽象出计算参数。然后,编写基于有限元软件ANSYS的性能计算程序。其次,批量计算不同吨位产品性能,总结计算中遇到的问题和解决方法。最后对原程序性能计算结果和参数化性能计算结果做了比较,分析两种结果偏差。
[Abstract]:With the development of the national economy , our country ' s industrial level has developed rapidly . In recent years , the country has made great efforts to develop the basic construction , and the foundation construction needs a lot of engineering machinery , which will inevitably promote the high - speed development of the engineering machinery industry . The crane is the most widely used and flexible product in the engineering equipment , and is an important part of the engineering machinery . As the construction requirements increase greatly , the market competition becomes more and more intense , and the speed of the crane updating and replacing is gradually improved . In recent years , China has gradually developed more tonnage cranes , and the series of products is richer . In order to keep up with the pace of development , the time for designing a new tonnage crane is gradually shortening . In order to keep up with the pace of development , it is necessary to design a new tonnage crane for 4 months . In order to speed up the design speed , shorten the design time , the enterprise and the university cooperate to research and develop new products , combine the advanced technology resources of the university and the enterprise ' s own experience . We summarize the traditional design experience , learn the advanced technology abroad , summarize the design flow which accords with the characteristics of the product , and find out the calculation method suitable for the design process . In the past few years , we summarize the product design process , divide it into the design , detailed design and prototype experiment , altogether 3 stages . Except for the prototype test , the other two are applied to the computer aided design technique . The purpose of the design phase is to establish the key parameters of the crane , such as crane triangle , boom length , cross - sectional parameters and so on , then calculate the performance . This phase is characterized by a large amount of data , which is mainly reflected in the working condition of the crane . It is usually a complete structural form with a total of six individual control performances . In the design phase , the minimum lifting weight of the same amplitude is taken as the final performance . In the scheme design stage , the parameter is modified frequently , so the round calculation is not satisfactory . In this stage , we have used a variety of finite element software , and tried many kinds of calculation methods . Based on these software , we developed a calculation program suitable for this stage . Based on these software , we developed a calculation program suitable for this stage . The detailed design stage corresponds to the design staff to form a three - dimensional model period , the purpose of which is to verify whether the three - dimensional model meets the strength requirement locally . Because in this process , the local characteristics of each product are relatively large , it is not easy to abstract common characteristics , but the parametric model library can be established according to the existing product . When designing the new product , the approximate structure is searched out from the model library , and then the structure is set up to meet the current requirements . This paper introduces the parametrization process for the project phase . First , according to the structure characteristics of the crane , the calculation parameters are extracted and abstracted . Then , the performance calculation program based on the finite element software ANSYS is written . Secondly , the problems and solving methods encountered in the calculation of different tonnage products are calculated in batches . Finally , the calculation results of the original program performance and the calculation results are compared and the deviations of the two results are analyzed .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH21

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