含砂原油介质中螺杆泵定子橡胶摩擦磨损行为研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 23:13

本文关键词：含砂原油介质中螺杆泵定子橡胶摩擦磨损行为研究　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：潜油螺杆泵采油系统作为一种实用有效的机械采油设备，具有结构简单、体积小、耗能低、投资少，以及使用、安装、维修、保养方便等特点，它兼有离心泵和柱塞泵的优点，适宜于斜井、水平井、沼泽地区以及海上平台采油作业，且不存在断杆和管漏故障等，并在高粘度稠油、大油气比油和含砂油的开采作业中体现出了较好的性能和效益。目前，该技术在国内外油田已得到了普遍重视，并有望成为油田主要机采方式之一。橡胶材料因具有良好的耐油、耐磨和耐高温等性能，被用来作为采油螺杆泵的定子材料，由于油井实际工况环境常为掺杂磨粒的腐蚀性介质，使动态密封过程中的橡胶材料易发生过早的磨损失效，极大地影响了螺杆泵橡胶定子的使用性能和工作寿命，这也是导致螺杆泵失效的主要原因之一。然而，迄今为止尚缺乏为选择此类橡胶材料所必须的磨损机理研究和普适性指导原则。因此，研究采油螺杆泵定子橡胶的磨损机理，不仅对生产有实际应用价值，也将十分有益于丰富和发展橡胶摩擦学理论与实践知识。针对现今采油螺杆泵定子橡胶磨损机理研究不足的问题，本文以采油螺杆泵的金属转子与橡胶定子摩擦配副为研究对象，在实验室中模拟螺杆泵实际工况，建立定子橡胶磨损试验分析程序，构建试验平台，对橡胶试块在除砂原油润滑介质、含砂原油介质及液体石蜡润滑等条件下进行磨损试验。从磨粒磨损、侵蚀磨损以及腐蚀磨损等方面对采油螺杆泵定子橡胶摩擦磨损行为进行较全面的研究。首先基于对采油螺杆泵工作特性的充分认识，详细分析了螺杆泵螺杆在橡胶衬套副中的运动特性，推导出单螺杆泵转子与定子间的最大滑动速度以及接触压力计算公式。根据采油螺杆泵运动学的分析方法及计算公式，以GLB120-27型采油螺杆泵的结构参数为例，确定金属转子和橡胶定子间的滑动速度和载荷数据范围，进而确定了实验室环境下模拟螺杆泵工况条件的磨损试验中钢轮的转速和载荷参数值。论文阐述了橡胶摩擦磨损的复杂性，，探讨了原油在螺杆泵定子橡胶摩擦磨损过程中的影响及基本润滑机理，并深入分析了橡胶摩擦磨损理论，明确了除砂原油介质中螺杆泵定子橡胶的摩擦磨损行为、橡胶摩擦磨损主要机理、磨损类型及其影响因素。在此基础上通过对采油螺杆泵定子橡胶本身的材料性能和使用环境进行分析，系统地研究含砂原油介质中螺杆泵定子橡胶的磨损行为及其机理。研究发现，采油螺杆泵正常工作中的磨损形式主要有磨粒磨损、侵蚀磨损、疲劳磨损及腐蚀磨损等。针对这些磨损行为，采用MPV-600型微机控制磨粒磨损试验机，选取常用的丁腈橡胶（NBR）和氟橡胶（FPM）试块与45#钢在除砂原油润滑、原油含砂介质以及液体石蜡润滑条件下进行采油螺杆泵定子橡胶衬套副的摩擦磨损模拟试验，测定其摩擦系数和磨损量，分析得到摩擦系数和磨损量随法向载荷的变化规律，再利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能量色散光谱分析仪（EDX）以及红外光谱分析仪（FT-IR）对橡胶磨损后的磨痕表面、化学元素含量和官能团状态进行测定。综合试验测试结果，分析橡胶的摩擦磨损行为，观察除砂原油润滑条件下橡胶的物性变化，考虑含砂原油中磨粒浓度、尺寸、形状在不同法向载荷作用下对橡胶的磨损规律，以及关注腐蚀性介质对橡胶磨损的影响，进而得到橡胶定子在原油介质中的磨粒磨损机理以及溶胀腐蚀和机械磨损的交互作用的表达关系，并针对现有的橡胶磨损试验机的不足进行改进，设计新的含砂料浆橡胶磨粒磨损测试装置。通过上述研究，能够较全面地阐述采油螺杆泵定子橡胶的磨损机理，为定子橡胶在实际工程应用中的摩擦学设计、材料选择、性能评价提供指导性原则。
[Abstract]:As a practical and effective mechanical oil production equipment , the oil - submersible screw pump oil production system has the advantages of simple structure , small volume , low energy consumption , less investment , and good performance and benefit in the production of high - viscosity heavy oil , horizontal well , marsh area and offshore platform . Aiming at the problem of insufficient research on rubber wear mechanism of oil production screw pump stator rubber , this paper studies the friction and wear behavior of stator rubber of oil production screw pump by simulating the actual working condition of screw pump , establishing test analysis program of rubber wear test of stator , constructing test platform , testing the rubber test block under the condition of sand removing crude oil lubricating medium , sand - containing crude oil medium and liquid paraffin , etc . Firstly , based on the full understanding of the working characteristics of the sucker rod pump , the motion characteristics of the screw in the rubber bush pair are analyzed in detail , the maximum sliding speed and the contact pressure calculation formula between the rotor and the stator of the single screw pump are deduced . According to the analysis method and the calculation formula of the kinematics of the oil extraction screw pump , the sliding speed and the load data range between the metal rotor and the rubber stator are determined , and the rotating speed and the load parameter value of the steel wheel in the wear test of the simulated screw pump working condition in the laboratory environment are determined . The paper expounds the complexity of rubber friction and wear , discusses the influence of the crude oil in the friction and wear process of the stator rubber of screw pump and the basic lubrication mechanism , analyzes the friction and wear behavior of rubber friction and wear , analyzes the main mechanism , the wear type and the influencing factors of rubber friction and wear , and systematically studies the wear behavior and mechanism of the screw pump stator rubber in the medium containing sand crude oil by analyzing the material properties and the use environment of the oil production screw pump stator rubber itself . In this paper , the friction and wear behavior of rubber bush of oil recovery screw pump is studied by using the microcomputer controlled abrasive wear testing machine . The friction coefficient and wear quantity of rubber are analyzed . The wear mechanism of rubber in oil medium and the wear of rubber are analyzed .

【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH327

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