电动叉车再生制动能量回收控制器的研制

发布时间：2018-02-01 12:10

本文关键词： 电动叉车再生制动超级电容器双向DC/DC变换器 PI调节　出处：《福建农林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动叉车由于其能量转换效率高、无污染、低噪声、振动小等优点，普及率越来越高。但是，由于受现有蓄电池技术及容量的限制，电动叉车一次充电的工作时间受到很大的限制，且叉车工作过程中需要进行频繁的起步和制动，对电动叉车进行再生制动能量回收利用是延长其工作时间的一大途径。本文根据超级电容器具有比功率高、比能量大、充放电时间短、寿命长等特性，将超级电容器用于电动叉车制动能量回收系统中。该系统能够在电动叉车减速、制动或下坡时把驱动电机产生的再生制动能量充入超级电容，实现制动能量的有效回收，延长叉车作业时间；当超级电容能量充满时，多余再生制动能量向蓄电池组充电；当电动叉车起步或加速时，超级电容能提供负载所需的短时大功率能量，避免蓄电池大电流放电，延长蓄电池使用寿命。文中先对超级电容器应用于电动叉车再生制动能量回收控制器的总体方案进行研究，包括：确定超级电容应用的拓扑结构，双向DC/DC变换器选型，并根据电动叉车工作特性，进行控制系统的总体结构设计和控制策略的研究；接着进行各模块硬件电路设计和软件设计；最后把设计完成的控制器及超级电容器安装到开普KEF25电动叉车上进行试验调试，并对试验结果进行分析验证。通过试验表明，该系统能够在电动叉车制动时及时、有效的回收再生制动能量，叉车起步、加速时可以平滑蓄电池的大电流输出，，起到较好的电流削峰的作用。
[Abstract]:Because of its high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution, low noise, low vibration and other advantages, the popularity of electric forklift truck is becoming higher and higher. However, due to the existing battery technology and capacity constraints. The working time of single charge of electric forklift is limited greatly, and it needs frequent starting and braking in the working process of forklift. The regenerative braking energy recovery of electric forklift truck is an important way to prolong its working time. According to the characteristics of supercapacitor, such as high specific power, high specific energy, short charge and discharge time and long life, etc. The super capacitor is used in the braking energy recovery system of the electric forklift truck. The system can charge the regenerative braking energy generated by the driving motor into the super capacitor when the electric forklift is decelerating, braking or downhill. Realize the effective recovery of braking energy and prolong the working time of forklift truck; When the supercapacitor energy is full, the excess regenerative braking energy is charged to the battery group. When the electric forklift starts or accelerates, the super capacitor can provide the short time high power energy needed by the load, avoid the high current discharge of the battery, and prolong the service life of the battery. In this paper, the overall scheme of the super capacitor used in regenerative braking energy recovery controller of electric forklift truck is studied, including: determining the topology of super capacitor application and selecting the bidirectional DC/DC converter. According to the working characteristics of the electric forklift, the overall structure design and control strategy of the control system are studied. Then the hardware circuit design and software design of each module are carried out. Finally, the designed controller and supercapacitor are installed on the Cape KEF25 electric forklift to test and debug, and the test results are analyzed and verified. The system can recover the regenerative braking energy effectively when braking the electric forklift truck, and can smooth the output of the high current of the battery during acceleration, and play a better role in cutting the peak current of the electric forklift truck.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH242

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