基于共振解调原理和转速阶比谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 14:44

本文关键词： 故障诊断滚动轴承共振解调瞬时转速阶比谱　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：滚动轴承在旋转机械中应用广泛,是高铁、精密机床、大型风电等重大装备的核心部件。我国是轴承生产和使用大国,但是在高速重载精密轴承设计、制造、故障诊断方面基础薄弱。加强对滚动轴承失效机理的研究,发展面向服役工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断方法具有十分重要的意义。本文重点研究了基于共振解调原理和转速阶比谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断原理与方法,主要完成以下两个方面的工作： 1)基于共振解调原理的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究；在恒定转速下对滚动轴承进行诊断时,共振解调法是一种行之有效的方法。论文在分析滚动轴承失效形式和机理、故障轴承振动信号特点及其特征频率、振动信号测量方案的基础上,重点论述共振解调法的基本原理、希尔伯特解调算法、带通滤波器中心频率的选择原则以及具体实现步骤,并用凯斯西储大学轴承实验室的故障轴承的振动数据进行了仿真实验,结果表明共振解调法能有效识别轴承故障,论文提出的带通滤波器中心频率选择原则合理。 2)基于转速阶比谱分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究。当主轴转速发生变化时,轴承的特征谱线被转速调制,模糊不清,常规的振动法无法有效识别出轴承的故障。滚动轴承发生局部故障时,除产生冲击振动外,还会引起瞬时转速的波动。论文抓住瞬时转速含有轴承故障信息这个特点,研究了基于等角度采样的轴承瞬时转速测量方法,建立了滚动轴承阶比谱,提出基于故障特征阶比分析的滚动轴承故障识别理论。然后设计了滚动轴承故障诊断的实验装置、调试了相关测试电路,编制了测量软件,利用该法对型号为6304的外圈故障轴承进行了故障诊断。实验结果表明该方法可望为变速转子的滚动轴承故障诊断提供一种崭新的途径。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearings are widely used in rotating machinery and are the core components of heavy equipment such as high-speed rail, precision machine tools, large-scale wind power, etc. China is a big country in bearing production and use, but it is designed and manufactured in high-speed and heavy-duty precision bearings. The foundation of fault diagnosis is weak. Strengthen the research on the failure mechanism of rolling bearing, It is of great significance to develop fault diagnosis methods for rolling bearings under service conditions. This paper focuses on the principles and methods of fault diagnosis for rolling bearings based on resonance demodulation principle and rotational speed order spectrum analysis. The main tasks are as follows:. 1) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on resonance demodulation principle; The resonance demodulation method is an effective method for the diagnosis of rolling bearing at constant rotational speed. This paper analyzes the failure form and mechanism of rolling bearing, the characteristics and characteristic frequency of vibration signal of fault bearing. Based on the measurement scheme of vibration signal, the basic principle of resonance demodulation method, Hilbert demodulation algorithm, the selection principle of center frequency of band-pass filter and the concrete realization steps are discussed. The vibration data of the fault bearing in the bearing laboratory of case Western Reserve University are simulated. The results show that the resonance demodulation method can effectively identify the bearing fault. The principle of selecting the center frequency of the band-pass filter proposed in this paper is reasonable. 2) Research on fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on rotational speed order spectrum analysis. When the spindle speed changes, the characteristic spectral line of the bearing is modulated by the rotational speed, so the conventional vibration method can not effectively identify the bearing fault. In this paper, the instantaneous speed measurement method based on constant angle sampling is studied, and the order ratio spectrum of rolling bearing is established. The theory of rolling bearing fault identification based on fault characteristic order analysis is put forward, and then the experimental device for rolling bearing fault diagnosis is designed, the related test circuit is debugged, and the measuring software is developed. The method is used to diagnose the fault of the outer ring bearing with model 6304. The experimental results show that the method is expected to provide a new way for the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing of the variable speed rotor.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.33

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