电液比例阀用电磁铁输出特性的理论分析及试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 04:26

本文选题：比例电磁铁　切入点：开关电磁铁　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：比例电磁阀与开关电磁阀作为重要的液压控制元件,广泛应用于液压控制领域的各个方面。近年来,随着科技的发展,提高和优化电磁阀的特性对推动液压领域技术进步具有重要意义。作为电磁阀重要组成部分之一的阀用电-机械转换器,其性能的优劣很大程度上决定了电磁阀性能的好坏,因此改善电磁阀用电机械转换器的输出性能,具有重要的理论意义与实用价值。本文从阀用单电磁铁输出特性及其控制系统的基本结构出发,深入研究阀用电磁铁,主要研究通过信号校正和参数辨识来改善两种阀用电磁铁的输出特性,并设计了相应的算法。采用电磁数学模型和有限元法研究了阀用电磁铁特性,分析了阀用电磁铁的电磁参数关系,建立了电磁铁数学模型,研究了阀用电磁铁采用不同几何设计隔磁环时磁链、电磁力和电感与输入电流信号和位移的变化规律；针对电磁铁输出力特性比较陡峭的问题,探讨了特殊盆型极靴的磁路解析方程,分析了极靴参数对输出电磁力的影响,理论分析表明该方法可以改善电磁铁输出力的恒力特性。针对阀用电磁铁输出力特性的磁滞和非线性问题,提出了基于电压信号补偿改善电磁力的控制策略,理论分析了该方法的可行性以及实现原理,采用双线性插值算法对开关电磁铁进行电压补偿,改善了铁磁材料引起的电磁铁输出力的滞环,在有效行程范围拉平输出电磁力,并在搭建的电磁铁试验系统平台上进行了试验验证。对比例电磁铁也进行了针对电磁力磁滞的电压信号校正试验。研究表明：使用该方法明显减小了开关电磁铁和比例电磁铁输出力的滞环,且在较大工作行程内使开关电磁铁输出力特性接近于比例电磁铁恒力特性。为了减小阀用单电磁铁的成本,扩大电磁铁的使用领域,提出了在普通电磁铁原绕组基础上增加一套测量用副绕组,采用副绕组的电磁参数推导磁链增量来反应动铁芯位置信息的方法。建立了PWM控制方式下电磁铁的数学模型,包括绕组电动势平衡方程和力平衡方程,研究分析了主副绕组的电磁特性并进行了仿真,得出了线圈磁链增量、电流以及动铁位置的关系曲线。仿真结果表明磁链特征量可以反应动铁芯位置信息。并建立了阀用功率放大器的仿真模型,对其驱动特性进行了仿真分析,为下一步实验验证提供了依据。通过实验测量了开关电磁铁的静态电磁特性,得出了磁链特征量计算模型。提出了采用积分法计算磁链增量的方法,设计了采用绕组磁链增量和输入电流信号辨识电磁铁动铁芯位置的算法,并建立了基于阀用电磁铁的位置辨识的半实物仿真试验平台,通过实验验证可通过开关电磁铁磁链增量实现动铁位置的辨识。通过理论分析得出了开关电磁铁和比例电磁铁的磁链增量与电磁力之间的变化规律,并通过试验实际测量了两种电磁铁的磁链增量,证明了理论分析结果,进而通过实验研究了比例电磁铁位置辨识的静态特性和动态特性。研究表明,该方法能够改善比例电磁铁的特性,降低电磁铁的成本,扩大电磁铁的实用范围；而且在某些条件下,还可以使用成本更低的开关电磁铁代替比例电磁铁。
[Abstract]:The proportional solenoid valve and solenoid valve as the important hydraulic control components, widely used in all aspects in the field of hydraulic control. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, improve and optimize the characteristics of electromagnetic valve of hydraulic technology progress has important significance. The electrical mechanical converter used as an important part of the electromagnetic valve. The merits of its performance largely determines the performance of the solenoid valve is good or bad, therefore improve the output performance of solenoid valve with electrical mechanical converter, which has important theoretical significance and practical value.
Starting from the output characteristics and the basic structure of the control system, the valve electromagnet is studied in this paper. The output characteristics of the two kinds of valve electromagnets are improved through signal correction and parameter identification, and the corresponding algorithm is designed.
Study on the characteristics of electromagnetic valve electromagnet mathematical model and finite element method is used to analysis the relationship between the electromagnetic parameters of electromagnet valve, established the mathematical model of electromagnet, electromagnet for valve with different geometric design across the magnetic flux and the variation of the electromagnetic force and the inductor and the input current signal and displacement; according to the output characteristics of electromagnet relatively steep, discusses the magnetic circuit equation of special basin type pole, analyzes the influence of pole parameters on the output of the electromagnetic force, theoretical analysis shows that this method can improve the characteristic of constant output force of electromagnet.
According to the output characteristics of the electromagnet for valve hysteresis and nonlinear problems, put forward the control strategies of voltage signal compensation to improve the electromagnetic force based on the theoretical analysis of the feasibility of the method and the realization principle, using bilinear interpolation algorithm for voltage compensation of switching solenoid, hysteresis improves the electromagnet output force caused by the ferromagnetic material, the effective the travel range of the electromagnetic force output level, and verified on the platform of the electromagnet test system. The proportional electromagnet of voltage signal for electromagnetic force hysteresis correction test. Research shows that: hysteresis using this method significantly reduces the switching solenoid and the proportional electromagnet force output, and the output characteristics of the electromagnet switch close to the characteristics of the constant proportional solenoid in larger working stroke.
In order to reduce the cost of the single electromagnet valve, enlarge the use field of the electromagnet, put forward to increase a set of measurement in ordinary primary winding electromagnet based on secondary windings and electromagnetic parameters are derived by the secondary winding flux increment reaction method to moving core position information. The model of the PWM under the control of the electromagnet, including electric winding potential balance equation and force balance equation, analyzed the electromagnetic characteristics of stator winding and the simulation, the coil current and flux increment curve moving iron position. Simulation results show that the flux characteristics can reflect the moving core location information. And the establishment of a valve with a simulation model of the power amplifier to drive the characteristics are simulated and analyzed, provide a basis for the next experiment.
The static electromagnetic characteristics of switching solenoids are measured by experiments, the calculation model of flux characteristics. Provide a method to calculate the flux increment by integral method, designed by winding flux increment and the input current signal identification electromagnet iron core position algorithm, and build up the semi physical simulation test platform for position identification of the electromagnet for valve based on the verified by experiments can switch to realize the dynamic identification of iron magnet flux increment position.
The theoretical analysis shows that the variation of flux increment and the electromagnetic force and the switching solenoid proportional solenoid, through the test of actual measurement of flux increment of two electromagnets, proves the results of theoretical analysis, the static characteristics and by experimental research. The position of proportional solenoid identification and dynamic characteristics. The results show that this method can characteristic improved proportional solenoid electromagnet, reduce costs, expand the electromagnet practical range; and under certain conditions, the switching solenoid can also use lower cost instead of the proportional electromagnet.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH137.5

【参考文献】