应变强化压力容器应力分析研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 20:57

本文选题：应变强化　切入点：低温压力容器　出处：《兰州理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：特种设备安全与节能技术的不断进步逐渐反映出一个国家工业化、创新性及经济水平的总体状况。作为特种设备之一的低温压力容器，其设计、制造和管理也应贯彻经济性与安全性并重的理念。目前，国内低温压力容器，特别是中高压低温压力容器采用传统方法设计制造时，材料用量大且利用率不高，零部件成形时能源消耗也较大，而且深冷工况下服役的低温容器需使用昂贵合金材料，使其生产成本进一步提高。因此，推动低温压力容器设计、制造技术的革新，，实现其向轻型化方向发展具有十分重要的意义。应变强化技术作为一种提高奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度的新技术，应用于真空绝热低温储罐内容器的设计、制造，可使容器壁厚减薄50%，容重比下降近一半。在保证容器使用安全的前提下，不但降低了容器制造时的材料消耗，同时也减少了容器零部件在加工成形时的能源消耗。本文基于奥氏体不锈钢材料的特性，介绍了应变强化技术的基本原理及其应用与发展，比较了压力容器常规设计方法与分析设计方法的异同，归纳了国外奥氏体不锈钢应变强化技术相关标准的特点及应变强化奥氏体不锈钢低温容器的设计方法，提出了应变强化技术工程化遇到的瓶颈与解决对策，提出了应变强化的主要工艺流程和注意事项。同时模拟了应变强化低温压力容器的应变强化过程，分析其在强化压力下，不同补强结构的容器封头与接管连接处的应力强度分布及塑性应变量。结果表明，分别采用补强圈补强与厚壁接管补强结构时，虽然容器封头与接管连接处的最大塑性应变量都符合标准要求，但考虑应力强度、塑性应变分布的差异，应变强化低温压力容器开孔补强使用厚壁接管补强结构更加合理。
[Abstract]:The continuous progress of special equipment safety and energy saving technology gradually reflects the overall condition of a country's industrialization, innovation and economic level.As one of the special equipment, the design, manufacture and management of cryogenic pressure vessel should also carry out the concept of economy and safety.At present, when domestic cryogenic pressure vessels, especially medium-high pressure pressure vessels, are designed and manufactured by traditional methods, the material consumption is large and the utilization ratio is not high, and the energy consumption of parts forming is also large.In addition, the cryogenic vessels in service under cryogenic conditions need to use expensive alloy materials to further increase the production cost.Therefore, it is of great significance to promote the innovation of low temperature pressure vessel design and manufacture technology and realize its light development.As a new technique to improve the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel, strain strengthening technology has been applied to the design and manufacture of vacuum adiabatic cryogenic tank inner packagings, which can reduce the wall thickness of the vessel by 50% and the bulk weight ratio by nearly half.On the premise of ensuring the safe use of the container, it not only reduces the material consumption in the manufacture of the container, but also reduces the energy consumption of the container parts in the process of forming.Based on the characteristics of austenitic stainless steel, this paper introduces the basic principle, application and development of strain strengthening technology, and compares the common design method of pressure vessel with the analytical design method.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the relevant standards of strain strengthening technology for austenitic stainless steel abroad and the design method of the low temperature vessel for strain strengthening austenitic stainless steel, and puts forward the bottleneck encountered in the engineering of strain strengthening technology and the countermeasures to solve it.The main technological process and matters needing attention of strain strengthening are put forward.At the same time, the strain strengthening process of strain strengthened cryogenic pressure vessel is simulated, and the stress intensity distribution and plastic strain at the joint of the vessel head and nozzle with different reinforcing structures are analyzed under the strengthened pressure.The results show that the maximum plastic strain at the joint of the vessel head and the nozzle meets the standard requirements, but the difference of stress intensity and plastic strain distribution is taken into account.It is more reasonable to use the thick-wall nozzle to reinforce the opening of the strain strengthened cryogenic pressure vessel.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH49

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