双主轴非球面加工机床误差分析及检测研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 16:57

本文选题：双主轴机床 + 非球面加工　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：非球面元件因具有矫正像差和简化系统等优良特性，被广泛应用于航空航天，国防工业、民用光学等方方面面，而非球面元件的精度成为限制其应用的主要因素。单点金刚石加工作为非球面加工的重要技术，如何进一步提高其加工精度成为各国研究的热点。但针对双主轴形式加工机床加工精度的研究还不够深入，本文以双主轴非球面加工机床为基础，进行误差分析与检测的相关研究。本论文以双主轴非球面加工机床的几何误差为研究对象，在分析国内外误差模型与误差测量方案的基础上，建立了双主轴非球面加工机床几何误差模型，分析了该超精密加工机床的误差组成和特点，讨论了误差测量方案的设计和误差补偿方案的可行性。运用多体系统运动学的方法，对此双主轴非球面加工机床进行了几何误差建模。首先，在明确机床各个部件运动关系的基础上，建立了机床的绝对坐标系和相邻体的参考坐标系，并在此基础上，分析了各个相邻体的理想运动和有误差运动的特征矩阵。分析该超精密机床的几何误差，建立了该机床的拓扑结构图，总结出该机床的两个误差运动分支，，建立了双主轴非球面加工机床的几何误差模型，并给出了加工误差模型表达式，简单分析了其中的误差项。由于本机床结构形式的特殊性，对误差检测带来了更高的要求，在综合考察现有机床误差检测方案的基础上，对需要检测的误差项进行了简化，并结合激光测量系统和圆度测量系统，提出了针对本机床的误差测量系统，完成了误差测量任务。在建立超精密机床加工误差模型的基础上，综合考虑本机床的加工特点，对实际加工效果进行仿真研究，对影响加工精度的各项误差进行仿真模拟，并制定该机床几何误差补偿方案。
[Abstract]:Aspherical elements have been widely used in aerospace, national defense industry, civil optics and other aspects because of their excellent characteristics such as correction of aberration and simplification of systems. The accuracy of aspheric elements has become the main factor limiting its application.As an important technology of aspheric surface machining, single point diamond machining has become a hot topic in many countries.However, the research on machining accuracy of double-spindle machine tool is not enough. Based on the double-spindle aspheric machining machine tool, the error analysis and detection are studied in this paper.In this paper, the geometric error of double spindle aspheric machining machine tool is studied. Based on the analysis of error model and error measurement scheme at home and abroad, the geometric error model of double spindle aspheric machining machine tool is established.The error composition and characteristics of the ultra-precision machining machine are analyzed, and the design of the error measurement scheme and the feasibility of the error compensation scheme are discussed.The geometric error model of the double spindle aspheric machining machine is established by using the kinematics method of multi-body system.Firstly, the absolute coordinate system and the reference coordinate system of the adjacent bodies are established on the basis of the kinematic relationship of each component of the machine tool. On this basis, the characteristic matrices of the ideal motion and the error-motion of each adjacent body are analyzed.The geometric error of the ultra-precision machine tool is analyzed, the topological structure diagram of the machine tool is established, the two branches of error motion of the machine tool are summarized, and the geometric error model of the double spindle aspheric machine tool is established.The expression of machining error model is given, and the error term is simply analyzed.Because of the particularity of the structure of the machine tool, it brings higher requirements to the error detection. On the basis of the comprehensive investigation of the existing machine tool error detection schemes, the error items that need to be detected are simplified.Combining the laser measurement system and the roundness measurement system, the error measurement system for the machine tool is put forward, and the error measurement task is completed.On the basis of establishing the machining error model of the ultra-precision machine tool, considering the machining characteristics of the machine tool, the actual machining effect is simulated and the errors affecting the machining accuracy are simulated.The scheme of geometric error compensation for the machine tool is worked out.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH161.2

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