利用蓄能器减小液压冲击的仿真和实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 18:39

本文选题：液压冲击 + 蓄能器　；参考：《南京农业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在液压传动过程中,经常出现液压冲击现象。液压缸的突然运动或停止,以及换向阀的突然换向引起管路内液压油的速度突变,管路内的液体压力发生急剧交替升降的波动过程,使得管路内的峰值压力比正常工作压力高很多,产生冲击振动,导致密封元件松脱,增加泄漏,有些时候使某些压力控制的液压元件产生错误动作,造成事故。因此,减小液压冲击是改善液压系统工作性能的重要课题。本论文利用蓄能器减小液压冲击的方法,它不仅可以减小液压冲击,还可以把多余的液压油存储起来,在需要时释放出来,维持系统压力,降低了能量的消耗。其主要思想是将系统中的压力能转换为蓄能器中气体的压缩能,通过两者之间不停的转化,达到吸收液压冲击力,维持系统稳定的目的。本论文主要研究内容如下：首先论述了蓄能器的类型,结构。分析了蓄能器的工作原理及工作过程。在此基础上,对蓄能器进行受力分析,推导出了蓄能器二阶数学模型。详细分析了二阶系统响应性能。其次,在Maltab/Simulink建立仿真模型,对蓄能器减小液压冲击的响应性能进行分析,研究了不同充气压力对蓄能器减小液压冲击性能的影响。最后,通过设计实验回路。分别对实验回路在加装与未加装蓄能器的情况下,进行了实验。验证了蓄能器对于减小液压冲击现象有着明显的作用。在改变连接管路的基础上,分别进行了实验,确定了不同的连接管路对于蓄能器工作性能有着重要的影响。研究结果表明,在合理选择蓄能器充气压力,以及不同连接管路数据的情况下,液压系统中的冲击现象可以得到有效控制。
[Abstract]:In the process of hydraulic transmission, hydraulic shock often occurs. The sudden movement or stop of the hydraulic cylinder and the sudden reversing of the directional valve cause the sudden change of the speed of the hydraulic oil in the pipeline, and the fluctuation process of the liquid pressure in the pipeline takes place sharply and alternately. The peak pressure in the pipeline is much higher than the normal working pressure, resulting in shock vibration, resulting in loose release of sealing elements, increasing leakage, and sometimes causing some hydraulic components controlled by pressure to misbehave and cause accidents. Therefore, reducing hydraulic impact is an important task to improve the working performance of hydraulic system. In this paper, the accumulator is used to reduce the hydraulic impact. It can not only reduce the hydraulic impact, but also store the excess hydraulic oil, release it when needed, maintain the pressure of the system and reduce the energy consumption. The main idea is to convert the pressure energy of the system into the compression energy of the gas in the accumulator, and to absorb the hydraulic impact force and maintain the stability of the system through the continuous transformation between the two. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: First, the type and structure of accumulator are discussed. The working principle and working process of accumulator are analyzed. On this basis, the second order mathematical model of accumulator is derived by analyzing the force of accumulator. The response performance of the second order system is analyzed in detail. Secondly, the simulation model is established in Maltab/Simulink to analyze the response performance of accumulator to reduce hydraulic shock, and the effect of different inflatable pressure on the hydraulic impact performance of accumulator is studied. Finally, the experimental circuit is designed. Experiments were carried out on the experimental circuits with and without accumulators. It is verified that accumulator has obvious effect on reducing hydraulic impact. On the basis of changing the connection line, experiments were carried out, and it was determined that different connecting pipes had an important effect on the working performance of the accumulator. The results show that the impact phenomenon in hydraulic system can be effectively controlled under the condition of reasonable selection of charging pressure of accumulator and data of different connecting pipes.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137

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