机械装备状态监测的光纤光栅传感网相关理论与技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 08:38

本文选题：光纤光栅传感网 + 机械装备状态监测　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：重大机械装备运行的可靠性和稳定性直接影响国民经济发展和国防建设能力，一旦发生故障，将引起重大经济损失和严重后果。随着现代工业的迅速发展以及机械装备的高速、高精和高自动化发展，机械系统工作状态呈现出多维、耦合、时变、非线性的特点，因此对其运行状态动态监测提出了更高要求。传统电测传感器一般由于存在抗干扰能力差、环境适应性弱、体积质量大、关键部位难以部署等缺点，从而难以满足机械装备长期准确安全监测的需要。无线传感网由于其易受电磁干扰，传输能力与节点能量有限，安全性无法保证等缺点，也难以满足多点、多场、分布式的大型装备状态监测的要求。光纤光栅（FiberBragg Grating，FBG）传感器及其传感网以其非电传感、抗电磁干扰、分布式组网、动态多场、尺寸小、寿命长等优点，特别是对于经常处于多场耦合、环境复杂、状态多变等恶劣环境下的重大机械装备运行状态长期监测具有重要意义。本论文以重大机械装备为应用对象，以装备运行状态健康监测为目标，以FBG传感网为传感源，重点以在不同网络环境下对构建面向机械装备状态监测的FBG传感网系统所面临的新要求、新技术、新服务为研究内容，旨在实现机械装备运行状态全面感知、海量传感信息实时传输、深度利用、感知资源充分共享的FBG传感网服务化管理平台。本研究工作的研究路线是：根据FBG传感的智能感知网络总体模型与实现目标，从传感源出发，研究大容量FBG传感网组网模型与寻址方法，满足装备状态全面监测的需要；对部署有多个传感节点的单台装备以及广域环境下的装备集群，解决不同工作场景下FBG传感网海量传感信息实时分布式传输、存储、处理及与互联网互联互通的问题，形成基于光纤传感的物联网；并进一步探索在网络化服务型制造模式下对机械装备状态监测与维护管理的应用；同时研究基于FBG传感网装备状态监测的服务发布与组合机制，以屏蔽资源的异构性、系统的多样性和地理的分布性，更大程度充分利用传感资源。通过对上述技术的综合利用，实现基于FBG传感网的大型装备状态监测系统与广域环境下的服务管理平台。本论文的主要研究工作如下：（1）基于FBG传感的智能感知网络模型及异构网互联互通方法研究。针对机械装备状态监测的FBG传感网相关理论与关键技术，首先从总体上构建基于FBG传感的智能感知网络模型，描述了不同FBG传感网环境下的应用对象与关键问题，为全文的研究提供整体架构。同时，从宏观上研究了FBG传感网与其它网络的互联互通模型，特别是针对FBG传感网与互联网的接入互联形成基于FBG传感的物联网的问题，从应用层信息映射角度提出了FBG传感网与互联网的互联互通模型，实现了互联网环境下装备状态监测的FBG传感网的使用，为FBG传感网传感信息的访问、存储、分析、挖掘与共享奠定基础。（2）FBG传感网大容量组网与寻址定位方法研究。针对FBG传感网传统组网方法传感节点数量少，无法满足重大机械装备运行状态实时监测对FBG传感网大容量要求的问题，以研究有限光源带宽和解调系统调谐范围下满足运行状态全面感知需求的大容量、分布式FBG传感网为目标，构建了基于新型编码式FBG与多种复用技术相结合的混合组网方法并提出了适合多种复杂传感环境下编码式FBG传感网的高精度寻址算法，改进了传统方法在波长变化量重合时严重失效的问题。实验结果表明编码式FBG传感网的传感节点容量能够大幅提升，大容量传感节点在多种复杂工况环境下都能够准确寻址定位。为机械装备运行状态的全面感知打下基础。（3）基于FBG传感网的装备运行状态高速海量感知信息分布式传输、存储、处理方法研究。针对大数据感知信息的传输、存储与处理问题，分别提出了不同应用场景下的解决方法。具体为：针对广域分布式环境下面向装备集群的大容量FBG传感网在高采样率下海量传感信息的网络传输问题，利用适用于实时数据流的开源消息处理架构Kafka部署分布式传输环境，以多生产者、消费者的发布订阅方式取代传统的SOCKET UDP直接通信模式，为实时海量传感信息的分析与存储提供条件；针对大数据感知信息实时存储的问题，以单台装备和广域环境下多装备集群的不用应用场景下海量传感信息存储为目标，分别设计了基于改进的关系数据库实时存储方法和基于大数据非关系数据库的海量传感信息实时存储方法，为感知信息分析与挖掘提供基础；针对实际应用中对装备工作机理不能全面掌握前，运行状态是否正常的标准难以定义以及传统阈值设定的监测方法产生的虚警问题，以挖掘自身海量传感信息为目标，提出了基于大数据分布式处理的情境约束下离群点检测方法。实验结果表明，在不同工作场景下都能够满足海量传感信息的实时传输、可靠存储、实时状态监测，为后期对海量传感信息的离线分析提供数据基础，，使监测结果更加准确。（4）FBG传感网装备状态监测的服务发布与智能匹配方法研究。针对网络化服务型制造模式下对于机械装备的多样性，工作环境的异构性以及海量装备感知资源充分利用和共享的问题，以广域环境下基于FBG传感网装备运行状态的丰富感知资源的灵活使用与共享和装备接入状态监测服务平台时能够敏捷构建基于服务的健康监测系统为目标，提出了基于FBG传感网装备状态监测的相关服务定义与抽象方法和基于服务链知识库自动匹配，多目标约束下的服务自动匹配，基于工作流的人机交互匹配三级递进式服务匹配算法。实验表明对部署有FBG传感网的机械装备进行状态监测时，能够利用已有资源，通过服务匹配组合方式快速完成监测与故障诊断功能，为构建网络化服务型制造模式下的资源服务工厂，完成装备与人员、生产、管理相融合的全生命周期服务型制造网络提供基础。（5）FBG传感网装备运行状态监测系统与服务化管理平台研究。针对FBG传感网装备运行状态监测的系统集成与不同应用环境下多种新技术综合使用的系统实现问题，分别以构建基于FBG传感网的港口大型装备状态监测系统和广域网络环境下面向服务的集群装备服务管理平台为目标，介绍了系统集成、系统架构、系统设计的方法，通过对以上关键技术综合运用，分别实现了上述系统与平台，解决了基于FBG传感网机械装备状态监测应用落地的问题和广域分布式环境下大容量传感信息的采集、传输、存储、使用及服务化的问题。多个系统长期实际运行效果证明了方法的可靠性和正确性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industry and the development of high speed , high precision and high automation of mechanical equipment , it is difficult to meet the requirement of long - term and accurate monitoring of mechanical equipment .

This paper takes major mechanical equipment as the target , and takes FBG sensor network as the sensing source , and focuses on the new requirements , new technology and new service faced by FBG sensing network system for monitoring the state of mechanical equipment under different network environment . The research route is to study the network model and addressing method of large capacity FBG sensor network based on FBG sensing network overall model and actual target , and to meet the requirement of comprehensive monitoring of equipment status .
the invention solves the problems of real - time distributed transmission , storage , processing and interconnectivity of the FBG sensing network in real time under different working scenes , and forms an internet of things based on optical fiber sensing ;
It further explores the application of monitoring and maintenance management of mechanical equipment in networked service - oriented manufacturing mode .
At the same time , the service publishing and combining mechanism based on FBG sensor network equipment state monitoring is studied to shield the heterogeneity of resources , the diversity of the system and the geographical distribution , and to make full use of the sensing resources .

( 1 ) The intelligent sensing network model based on FBG sensing and heterogeneous network interconnection method are researched .

In view of the theory and key technology of FBG sensor network monitoring in the state of mechanical equipment , firstly , an intelligent sensing network model based on FBG sensing is constructed , and the application objects and key problems under different FBG sensing networks are described .

( 2 ) FBG sensing network large capacity networking and addressing positioning method research .

Aiming at the problem that the number of sensing nodes of FBG sensing network is small and the requirement of large capacity of FBG sensing network can not be met in real time under the tuning range of large mechanical equipment , a hybrid networking method based on a novel coding type FBG and a plurality of multiplexing technologies is researched , and the problem that the traditional method is seriously disabled when the wavelength change amount is coincident is improved .

and ( 3 ) the distributed transmission , storage and processing method of the high - speed massive awareness information based on the equipment running state of the FBG sensing network .

Aiming at the problems of transmission , storage and processing of large - scale data - sensing information , a solution method under different application scenarios is proposed . In particular , the distributed transmission environment is deployed by the high - capacity FBG sensor network under the high sampling rate for the large - capacity FBG sensor network under the wide - domain distributed environment , and the traditional SOCKET UDP direct communication mode is replaced by the publishing subscription mode of the multi - producers and consumers , so as to provide the conditions for analyzing and storing real - time mass sensing information ;
Aiming at the problem of real - time storage of large data perception information , based on improved relational database real - time storage method and mass - sensing information real - time storage method based on large - data non - relational database , based on improved relational database real - time storage method and mass - sensing information real - time storage method based on large - data non - relational database , a real - time storage method based on improved relational database is designed .
The method of outlier detection based on large data distributed processing is presented in this paper . The results show that the real - time transmission , reliable storage and real - time monitoring of mass - sensing information can be met under different working scenes . The data base is provided for offline analysis of mass sensing information in the later stage , which makes the monitoring result more accurate .

( 4 ) The service publishing and intelligent matching method of FBG sensor network equipment status monitoring .

Aiming at the diversity of mechanical equipment , the heterogeneity of working environment and the problem of resource utilization and sharing of mass equipment in networked service - oriented manufacturing mode , the service - based health monitoring system can be quickly constructed based on the service - based health monitoring system in a wide - area environment based on the service - based health monitoring system .

( 5 ) The FBG sensor network equipment operation status monitoring system and the service management platform research .

Aiming at the system integration of FBG sensing network equipment operation state monitoring and the system realization problem of multiple new technologies under different application environments , this paper introduces the method of system integration , system architecture and system design based on FBG sensor network port large equipment state monitoring system and cluster equipment service management platform under the wide area network environment .

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH165.3;TP274

【参考文献】